The effects of exercise on non-motor experiences of daily living experienced in Parkinson's Disease: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Introduction: Whilst non-motor experiences of daily living (NMeDL) reduce quality of life (QoL) in people with Parkinson's Disease (PD), research dedicated to NMeDL is lacking compared to motor symptoms. The aim of this Network Meta-Analysis (NMA) was to compare and determine the effects of exercise and dual-task training interventions on NMeDL for people with early-to-mid stage PD.

Methods: Eight electronic databases were systematically searched, identifying randomised control trials (RCTs) that assessed the effect of interventions on the Movement Disease Society - Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS); Part I scores.

Sleep restriction between consecutive days of exercise impairs sprint and endurance cycling performance.

The study aim was to determine the effect of sleep restriction (3 h) between consecutive days of exercise on sprint and endurance cycling performance, wellness, and mood. A total of 10 well-trained males performed 2 consecutive-day trials separated by a normal night sleep (control [CONT]; mean [SD] sleep duration 3.0 [0.

Metabolic and inflammatory health in SARS-CoV-2 and the potential role for habitual exercise in reducing disease severity.

Introduction: The rapid emergence and spread of SARS-CoV-2 in late 2019 has infected millions of people worldwide with significant morbidity and mortality with various responses from health authorities to limit the spread of the virus. Although population-wide inoculation is preferred, currently, there is large variation and disparity in the acquisition, development, and deployment of vaccination programs in many countries. Even with availability of a vaccine, achieving herd immunity does not guarantee against reinfection from SARS-CoV-2.

Associations between exercise, inflammation and symptom severity in those with mental health disorders.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effects of 6-weeks of moderate intensity aerobic exercise on markers of inflammation and symptom severity in those undergoing management of a mental health disorder.

Method: Twenty six participants were allocated into two groups, those reporting as apparently healthy (AH, n = 13) or those undergoing the management of a mental health disorder (MI, n = 13). Following a baseline testing and familiarization session, participants commenced the 6-week aerobic training intervention, involving stationary cycling at 65% heart rate reserve for 35 min progressing to 70% for 40 min.

Inflammatory Status and Cardio-metabolic Risk Stratification of Rotational Shift Work.

Objectives: To investigate the physiological effects of rotational shift work on measures of cardio-metabolic function.

Methods: Sedentary, healthy men (n = 87; age 37 ± 9 years; body mass index: 30.7 ± 5.

A preliminary investigation of the effects of short-duration, vigorous exercise following sleep restriction, fragmentation and extension on appetite and mood in inactive, middle-aged men.

This preliminary study aimed to investigate the effect of exercise on appetite and mood following multiple days of sleep disruption (restriction [RES], fragmentation [FRAG]) or sleep extension (EXT), compared to normal sleep (CONT) in inactive, middle-aged men. Nine men completed four randomised trials initiated by 3 nights (day 1-3) of CONT (6.5-8 hr), RES (4 hr), FRAG (6.

Foam Rolling as a Recovery Tool Following Eccentric Exercise: Potential Mechanisms Underpinning Changes in Jump Performance.

Purpose: Recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) is paramount in sports performance. Foam rolling (FR) has been suggested to improve acute performance; however, the ability to facilitate recovery from eccentric (ECC) exercise remains unclear.

Methods: Eleven males undertook 6 × 25 ECC knee extensions to induce muscular damage.

Evening high-intensity interval exercise does not disrupt sleep or alter energy intake despite changes in acylated ghrelin in middle-aged men.

New Findings: What is the central question of this study? What are the interactions between sleep and appetite following early evening high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE)? What is the main finding and its importance? HIIE can be performed in the early evening without subsequent sleep disruptions and may favourably alter appetite-related hormone concentrations. Nonetheless, perceived appetite and energy intake do not change with acute HIIE regardless of time of day.

Abstract: Despite exercise benefits for sleep and appetite, due to increased time restraints, many adults remain inactive.

Sleep characteristics, sources of perceived stress and coping strategies in adolescent athletes.

The aim of the study was to examine sleep characteristics, scheduling of activities, perceived stress and coping strategies between periods of perceived high and low scheduling commitments in adolescent athletes. Twenty adolescents (10 male and 10 female) wore an Actiwatch during two 14-day testing periods, one in in January (JAN), which was deemed to be a period of low school and sport commitments, and one in March (MAR), during which there was a high volume of school and sport commitments. Actiwatches and sleep diaries assessed sleep quantity and quality, a daily schedule of all activities in 30-min increments was recorded and questionnaires related to perceived stress and coping strategies were administered.

The influence of knowledge of performance endpoint on pacing strategies, perception of effort, and neural activity during 30-km cycling time trials.

It is understood that withholding information during exercise can alter performance during self-paced exercise, though less is known about neural activity during such exercise. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of withholding versus providing distance feedback on perception, muscular activation, and cerebral activity during cycling time trials (TT). Nine well-trained male cyclists randomly completed 2 x 30-km TT, with provision of performance information and distance feedback (known; KTT), and without performance information and remaining distance (unknown; UTT).

Deception of cycling distance on pacing strategies, perceptual responses, and neural activity.

Pacing during exercise performance is well-established; however, little is known about the neural responses associated with changes in power output and the effect of exercise end-point knowledge. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of deception of cycling distance on pacing, cerebral oxy- (OHb) and deoxy-haemoglobin concentrations, and alpha (α) wave activity. Ten well-trained male cyclists (23.

High-intensity interval exercise induces greater acute changes in sleep, appetite-related hormones, and free-living energy intake than does moderate-intensity continuous exercise.

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) on sleep characteristics, appetite-related hormones, and eating behaviour. Eleven overweight, inactive men completed 2 consecutive nights of sleep assessments to determine baseline (BASE) sleep stages and arousals recorded by polysomnography (PSG). On separate afternoons (1400-1600 h), participants completed a 30-min exercise bout: either () MICE (60% peak oxygen consumption) or () HIIE (60 s of work at 100% peak oxygen consumption: 240 s of rest at 50% peak oxygen consumption), in a randomised order.

Sleep quantity and quality during consecutive day heat training with the inclusion of cold-water immersion recovery.

Exercise in the heat is a common occurrence among athletes and often is intentional in order to gain heat acclimation benefits, however, little is known about how such training may affect sleep. Therefore, this study investigated five days of training in the heat of varying intensity and duration and inclusion of cold-water immersion (CWI) recovery on sleep quantity and quality. Thirty recreationally-trained male participants completed five days of heat training (HT) and were randomised into three interventions including (i) 90 min cycling at 40% power at maximal aerobic capacity (P) with 15 min passive recovery (90HT); (ii) 90 min cycling at 40% P with 15 min CWI recovery (90CWI); or (iii) 30 min cycling alternating between 40% and 70% P, with 15 min passive recovery (30HT).

Effects of consecutive days of match play on technical performance in tennis.

Elite tennis is characterised by repeated bouts of up to 5-set match play, yet little is known about the technical requirements of shots played. This study therefore investigated technical performance changes over consecutive days of prolonged, simulated tennis match play. A total of 7 well-trained men tennis players performed 4 consecutive days of competitive 4-h match play.

The effect of high versus low intensity heat acclimation on performance and neuromuscular responses.

This study examined the effect of exercise intensity and duration during 5-day heat acclimation (HA) on cycling performance and neuromuscular responses. 20 recreationally trained males completed a 'baseline' trial followed by 5 consecutive days HA, and a 'post-acclimation' trial. Baseline and post-acclimation trials consisted of maximal voluntary contractions (MVC), a single and repeated countermovement jump protocol, 20km cycling time trial (TT) and 5×6s maximal sprints (SPR).

The effect of overnight sleep deprivation after competitive rugby league matches on postmatch physiological and perceptual recovery.

Purpose: This study examined the effects of overnight sleep deprivation on recovery after competitive rugby league matches.

Methods: Eleven male amateur rugby league players played 2 competitive matches, followed by either a normal night's sleep (~8 h; CONT) or a sleep-deprived night (~0 h; SDEP) in a randomized fashion. Testing was conducted the morning of the match, immediately postmatch, 2 h postmatch, and the next morning (16 h postmatch).

The effect of post-match alcohol ingestion on recovery from competitive rugby league matches.

This study investigated the effects of alcohol ingestion on lower-body strength and power and physiological and cognitive recovery after competitive Rugby League matches. Nine male Rugby players participated in 2 matches, followed by 1 of 2 randomized interventions, a control or alcohol ingestion session. Four hours post-match, participants consumed either beverages containing a total of 1 g of ethanol per kilogram bodyweight (vodka and orange juice; ALC) or a caloric and taste-matched nonalcoholic beverage (orange juice; CONT).

The effects of carbohydrate intake and muscle glycogen content on self-paced intermittent-sprint exercise despite no knowledge of carbohydrate manipulation.

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of carbohydrate (CHO) ingestion and muscle glycogen content, without the influence of knowledge of CHO consumption, on intermittent-sprint performance. Ten males completed two conditions on two consecutive days. Day 1 involved 2 × 40 min of leg cycling separated by 15 min of arm cycling, followed by an overnight diet consuming either a high [HCHO; 7 g/kg body weight (bw)] or low (LCHO; 2 g/kg bw) CHO diet.

Post-match changes in neuromuscular function and the relationship to match demands in amateur rugby league matches.

Objectives: The current study investigated the change in neuromuscular contractile properties following competitive rugby league matches and the relationship with physical match demands.

Design: Eleven trained, male rugby league players participated in 2-3 amateur, competitive matches (n = 30).

Methods: Prior to, immediately (within 15-min) and 2h post-match, players performed repeated counter-movement jumps (CMJ) followed by isometric tests on the right knee extensors for maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), voluntary activation (VA) and evoked twitch contractile properties of peak twitch force (Pt), rate of torque development (RTD), contraction duration (CD) and relaxation rate (RR).

Self-paced intermittent-sprint performance and pacing strategies following respective pre-cooling and heating.

This study examined the effects of pre-exercise cooling and heating on neuromuscular function, pacing and intermittent-sprint performance in the heat. Ten male, team sport athletes completed three randomized, counterbalanced conditions including a thermo-neutral environment (CONT), whole body submersion in an ice bath (ICE) and passive heating in a hot environment (HEAT) before 50 min of intermittent-sprint exercise (ISE) in the heat (31 + 1°C). Exercise involved repeated 15 m maximal sprints and self-paced exercise of varying intensities.

Intermittent-sprint performance and muscle glycogen after 30 h of sleep deprivation.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of 30 h of sleep deprivation on consecutive-day intermittent-sprint performance and muscle glycogen content.

Methods: Ten male, team-sport athletes performed a single-day "baseline" session and two consecutive-day experimental trials separated either by a normal night's sleep (CONT1 and CONT2) or no sleep (SDEP1 and SDEP2). Each session included a 30-min graded exercise run and 50-min intermittent-sprint exercise protocol, including a 15-m maximal sprint every minute and self-paced exercise bouts of varying intensities.

The effects of fluid ingestion on free-paced intermittent-sprint performance and pacing strategies in the heat.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of fluid ingestion on pacing strategies and performance during intermittent-sprint exercise in the heat. Nine male rugby players performed a habituation session and 2 x 50-min intermittent-sprint protocols at a temperature of 31 degrees C, either with or without fluid. Participants were informed of a third session (not performed) to ensure that they remained blind to all respective conditions.

Recovery of voluntary and evoked muscle performance following intermittent-sprint exercise in the heat.

Purpose: This study investigated the effects of hot conditions on the acute recovery of voluntary and evoked muscle performance and physiological responses following intermittent exercise.

Methods: Seven youth male and six female team-sport athletes performed two sessions separated by 7 d, involving a 30-min exercise protocol and 60-min passive recovery in either 22 degrees C or 33 degrees C and 40% relative humidity. The exercise protocol involved a 20-s maximal sprint every 5 min, separated by constant-intensity exercise at 100 W on a cycle ergometer.