Evaluation of a noncontrolled, pre-euthanasia, intramuscular sedation drug protocol including alfaxalone 4%, medetomidine, and acepromazine for injured or ill raccoons.

Background: As a major animal control service provider in the city of Guelph and Wellington County in Ontario, the Guelph Humane Society transports and presents injured or ill raccoons requiring humane euthanasia to the Ontario Veterinary College Health Sciences Centre (OVC-HSC). Issues around handling, transportation, and delays before euthanasia have recently raised some concerns for welfare and the need for means of improving this process.

Objective: Investigation of a noncontrolled sedation and analgesia protocol for injured or ill raccoons intended to improve animal welfare by allowing humane handling, transport, and euthanasia following administration by an animal protection officer (APO).

The effect of laparoscopy on intracranial pressure as measured by optic nerve sheath diameter: A review.

Laparoscopic surgery has many benefits over open surgery including lower complication rates, and shorter duration and lower cost of hospitalization. However, recent human literature suggests laparoscopy and carbon dioxide insufflation can result in intracranial hypertension. Invasive monitoring of intracranial pressure is not routinely performed in veterinary medicine, and ultrasonographic evaluation of the optic nerve sheath has been employed as an indirect measure of intracranial pressure in many species.

Dose and cardiopulmonary effects of propofol alone or with midazolam for induction of anesthesia in critically ill dogs.

Objective: To determine the dose and cardiopulmonary effects of propofol alone or with midazolam for induction of anesthesia in American Society of Anesthesiologists status ≥III dogs requiring emergency abdominal surgery.

Study Design: Prospective, randomized, blinded, clinical trial.

Animals: A total of 19 client-owned dogs.

Modeling and Characterization of Scaling Factor of Flexible Spiral Coils for Wirelessly Powered Wearable Sensors.

Wearable sensors are a topic of interest in medical healthcare monitoring due to their compact size and portability. However, providing power to the wearable sensors for continuous health monitoring applications is a great challenge. As the batteries are bulky and require frequent charging, the integration of the wireless power transfer (WPT) module into wearable and implantable sensors is a popular alternative.

Comparison of 3 blind brachial plexus block techniques during maintenance of anesthesia and postoperative pain scores in dogs undergoing surgical procedures of the thoracic limb.

The degree of analgesia provided by blind techniques for brachial plexus blocks (BPBs) has not been compared in clinical cases undergoing surgery of the thoracic limb. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anesthetic conditions and postoperative analgesia resulting from 3 different BPB local anesthetic techniques in canine patients undergoing such surgery. Twenty-four client-owned dogs received a standardized premedication/induction protocol (hydromorphone and acepromazine/propofol), maintained with isoflurane in oxygen using mechanical ventilation, in a prospective, randomized, blinded clinical trial.

COMPARISON OF INTRAMUSCULAR FENTANYL-MIDAZOLAM, FENTANYL-MIDAZOLAM-KETAMINE, AND KETAMINE-MEDETOMIDINE FOR IMMOBILIZATION OF JAPANESE MACAQUES ( MACACA FUSCATA).

The combination of fentanyl and midazolam is commonly used as a sedative in humans. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sedative properties and physiological effects of fentanyl-midazolam and fentanyl-midazolam-ketamine compared with medetomidine-ketamine given intramuscularly in Japanese macaques ( Macaca fuscata). In a randomized crossover design, eight Japanese macaques were hand-injected with either 30 μg/kg fentanyl + 0.

Anatomical characterization of the brachial plexus in dog cadavers and comparison of three blind techniques for blockade.

Objectives: To describe the ventral spinal nerve rami contribution to the formation of the brachial plexus (BP), and to compare ease of performing and nerve staining between three blind techniques for BP blockade in dogs.

Study Design: Prospective, randomized, blind study.

Animals: A total of 18 dog cadavers weighing 28.

Antihistaminic and cardiorespiratory effects of diphenhydramine hydrochloride in anesthetized dogs undergoing excision of mast cell tumors.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of IV diphenhydramine hydrochloride administration on cardiorespiratory variables in anesthetized dogs undergoing mast cell tumor (MCT) excision. DESIGN Randomized, blinded clinical trial. ANIMALS 16 client-owned dogs with MCTs.

Induction dose and recovery quality of propofol and alfaxalone with or without midazolam coinduction followed by total intravenous anesthesia in dogs.

Objectives: To compare propofol and alfaxalone, with or without midazolam, for induction of anesthesia in fentanyl-sedated dogs, and to assess recovery from total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA).

Study Design: Prospective, incomplete, Latin-square study.

Animals: Ten dogs weighing 24.

DISTRIBUTION AND SHORT- AND LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF INJECTED GELIFIED ETHANOL INTO THE LUMBOSACRAL INTERVERTEBRAL DISC IN HEALTHY DOGS.

Radiopaque gelified ethanol preparation has been described as a useful agent for treatment of humans with intervertebral disc protrusion. The material is injected into the nucleus pulposus under image guidance with intention to cause the protruded disc material to recede. Because treatment options for dogs with chronic protrusions are limited, new and minimally invasive treatments are desirable.

Influence of prior determination of baseline minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane on the effect of ketamine on MAC in dogs.

The objective of this study was to determine if prior measurement of the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane influences the effect of ketamine on the MAC of isoflurane in dogs. Eight mixed-breed dogs were studied on 2 occasions. Anesthesia was induced and maintained using isoflurane.

Comparison of isoflurane and propofol for maintenance of anesthesia in dogs with intracranial disease undergoing magnetic resonance imaging.

Objective: To compare isoflurane and propofol for maintenance of anesthesia and quality of recovery in client-owned dogs with intracranial disease undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Study Design: Prospective, randomized, clinical trial.

Animals: Twenty-five client-owned dogs with intracranial pathology, 13 females and 12 males, ages 11 months to 13 years, weighing between 3.

Evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid lactate and plasma lactate concentrations in anesthetized dogs with and without intracranial disease.

The objectives of this study were to establish a reference interval for canine cerebrospinal fluid lactate (CSFL) and to compare CSFL and plasma lactate (PL) concentrations in anesthetized dogs with and without intracranial disease. Using a prospective study, canine blood and cerebrospinal fluid were collected for lactate analysis in 11 dogs with intracranial disease after undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (Group ID-MRI), in 10 healthy dogs post-MRI (Group H-MRI), and in 39 healthy dogs after induction of anesthesia (Group H-Sx). Dogs were anesthetized for the procedures using different anesthetic protocols.

Prior determination of baseline minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane does not influence the effect of ketamine on MAC in rabbits.

The objective of this study was to compare the effect on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane when ketamine was administered either after or without prior determination of the baseline MAC of isoflurane in rabbits. Using a prospective randomized crossover study, 8 adult, female New Zealand rabbits were allocated to 2 treatment groups. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with isoflurane.

The impact of acepromazine on the efficacy of crystalloid, dextran or ephedrine treatment in hypotensive dogs under isoflurane anesthesia.

Objective: To determine the impact of acepromazine on the cardiovascular responses to three treatments for hypotension in dogs during deep isoflurane anesthesia.

Study Design: Prospective blinded randomized cross-over experimental design.

Animals: Six adult (2.

Comparison of three techniques for paravertebral brachial plexus blockade in dogs.

Objective: To compare success and complication rates, based on staining of nerves and other structures, among three techniques of paravertebral brachial plexus blockade (PBPB) in dogs.

Study Design: Prospective randomized design.

Animals: A total of 68 thoracic limbs from 34 dogs.

Use of ephedrine and dopamine in dogs for the management of hypotension in routine clinical cases under isoflurane anesthesia.

Objective: To determine the cardiovascular responses of ephedrine and dopamine for the management of presurgical hypotension in anesthetized dogs.

Study Design: Prospective, randomized, clinical trial.

Animals: Twelve healthy client-owned dogs admitted for orthopedic surgery; six per group

Methods: Prior to surgery, 58 anesthetized dogs were monitored for hypotension [mean arterial pressure (MAP) <60 mmHg] that was not associated with bradycardia or excessive anesthetic depth.

Response of hypotensive dogs to dopamine hydrochloride and dobutamine hydrochloride during deep isoflurane anesthesia.

Objective: To evaluate the dose-related cardiovascular and urine output (UrO) effects of dopamine hydrochloride and dobutamine hydrochloride, administered individually and in combination at various ratios, and identify individual doses that achieve target mean arterial blood pressure (MAP; 70 mm Hg) and cardiac index (CI; 150 mL/kg/min) in dogs during deep isoflurane anesthesia.

Animals: 10 young clinically normal dogs.

Procedures: Following isoflurane equilibration at a baseline MAP of 50 mm Hg on 3 occasions, dogs randomly received IV administration of dopamine (3, 7, 10, 15, and 20 microg/kg/min), dobutamine (1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 microg/kg/min), and dopamine-dobutamine combinations (3.

Comparison of cardiopulmonary responses during sedation with epidural and local anesthesia for laparoscopic-assisted jejunostomy feeding tube placement with cardiopulmonary responses during general anesthesia for laparoscopic-assisted or open surgical jejunostomy feeding tube placement in healthy dogs.

Objective: To evaluate the use of laparoscopic-assisted jejunostomy feeding tube (J-tube) placement in healthy dogs under sedation with epidural and local anesthesia and compare cardiopulmonary responses during this epidural anesthetic protocol with cardiopulmonary responses during general anesthesia for laparoscopic-assisted or open surgical J-tube placement.

Animals: 15 healthy mixed-breed dogs.

Procedures: Dogs were randomly assigned to receive open surgical J-tube placement under general anesthesia (n = 5 dogs; group 1), laparoscopic-assisted J-tube placement under general anesthesia (5; group 2), or laparoscopic-assisted J-tube placement under sedation with epidural and local anesthesia (5; group 3).

Impact of dopamine or dobutamine infusions on cardiovascular variables after rapid blood loss and volume replacement during isoflurane-induced anesthesia in dogs.

Objective: To determine the cardiovascular effects of dopamine and dobutamine infusions during nor-movolemia, hypovolemia (HV) through blood loss of 10 mL/kg (HV(10)), further loss to 25 mL/kg (HV(25)), and volume replacement (VR) in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs.

Animals: 7 healthy young dogs.

Procedures: Dogs were anesthetized with isoflurane 2 times (3 weeks apart).

Comparative pharmacokinetics of meloxicam in clinically normal horses and donkeys.

Objective: To determine the disposition of a bolus of meloxicam (administered IV) in horses and donkeys (Equus asinus) and compare the relative pharmacokinetic variables between the species.

Animals: 5 clinically normal horses and 5 clinically normal donkeys.

Procedures: Blood samples were collected before and after IV administration of a bolus of meloxicam (0.

Comparison of arterial pressure waveform analysis with the lithium dilution technique to monitor cardiac output in anesthetized dogs.

Objective: To assess agreement between arterial pressure waveform-derived cardiac output (PCO) and lithium dilution cardiac output (LiDCO) systems in measurements of various levels of cardiac output (CO) induced by changes in anesthetic depth and administration of inotropic drugs in dogs.

Animals: 6 healthy dogs.

Procedure: Dogs were anesthetized on 2 occasions separated by at least 5 days.

Evaluation of laparoscopic-assisted placement of jejunostomy feeding tubes in dogs.

Objective: To evaluate feasibility of performing laparoscopic-assisted placement of a jejunostomy feeding tube (J-tube) and compare complications associated with placement, short-term feedings, and medium-term healing with surgically placed tubes in dogs.

Design: Prospective study.

Animals: 15 healthy mixed-breed dogs.

A review of the physiological effects of alpha2-agonists related to the clinical use of medetomidine in small animal practice.

Medetomidine is a relatively new sedative analgesic drug that is approved for use in dogs in Canada. It is the most potent alpha2-adrenoreceptor available for clinical use in veterinary medicine and stimulates receptors centrally to produce dose-dependent sedation and analgesia. Significant dose sparing properties occur when medetomidine is combined with other anesthetic agents correlating with the high affinity of this drug to the alpha2-adrenoreceptor.

The echocardiographic effects of romifidine in dogs with and without prior or concurrent administration of glycopyrrolate.

Objective: To determine the cardiopulmonary response to romifidine (RO) in the dog with or without prior or concurrent administration of glycopyrrolate.

Study Design: Randomized, cross-over experimental study.

Animals: Six (three male, three female) cross-bred dogs weighing 23 +/- 2.