The process and rationale for an online master's program in diabetes education and management.

Purpose: Although all certified diabetes educators have been required to have specific clinical training in a health discipline, graduate programs in diabetes education are relatively rare. The purpose of this article is to describe the development of a different approach to educating diabetes educators: an interdisciplinary graduate degree in diabetes education and management. In addition to preparing more diabetes educators, a graduate degree encourages existing diabetes educators to expand their area of expertise and their leadership skills.

Health-related quality of life, disease severity, and anticipated trajectory of diabetes.

Purpose: Adults hospitalized with diabetes are likely to have multiple comorbid conditions contributing to suboptimal health-related quality of life. The purpose of this study was to survey urban, very low-income, hospitalized adults with diabetes about disease severity, anticipated disease trajectory, and self-rated health-related quality of life.

Methods: Data were collected using the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), the comparative risk perception questionnaire, and glycosylated hemoglobin.

Hispanic acculturation, psychosocial functioning, and routine support for diabetes self-management.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the relationship between Spanish language-based acculturation, psychosocial coping with diabetes, and perceptions of social support obtainment for the daily management of diabetes.

Methods: Adults (N = 209) were surveyed by telephone about Hispanic ethnicity, depressed mood (PHQ-8), anxiety and worry over diabetes, social burden due to diabetes, diabetes control, and physical function (Diabetes-39), and Spanish language-based acculturation (n = 101, Hispanic only).

Results: Significant associations revealed a relationship between less language-based acculturation with other contextual factors (gender, family demands, disease severity), and depressed mood and social burden of disease.

Generational differences and learning style preferences in nurses from a large metropolitan medical center.

Nursing educators face the challenge of presenting educational programs to meet the learning needs of four diverse generational groups of nurses. This cross-sectional survey examined if there is a relationship between staff nurses' generation and their learning styles. Results show that a combination of years in practice, time lapsed since last educational program ended, current school enrollment, degree earned, and generation influences preferred learning style.

Healthcare technician delivered screening of adults with diabetes to improve primary care provider recognition of depression.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to implement a continuous quality improvement project aimed at improving primary care provider recognition of depression.

Materials And Methods: A randomized, blinded, pre- and post-test design was implemented with 92 adults attending an academic internal medicine clinic. Subjects were assigned to an intervention where healthcare technicians (HCT) trained in the fundamentals of diabetes education delivered brief probing questions about self-care behavior and tailored talking points to encourage patients to talk to their primary care physician about their emotional health.

Afrocentric cultural values and beliefs: movement beyond the race and ethnicity proxy to understand views of diabetes.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to estimate the benefit of using a cultural characteristics scale to help diabetes educators understand how African Americans cope with diabetes. Illness representations are influenced by culture. Race and ethnicity as a proxy for culture provides an incomplete understanding of the mechanism by which cultural values influence representations of diabetes.

Self-regulation theory and the multigenerational legacy of diabetes.

The purpose of this study was to lend further support to the practice-based theory multigenerational legacies of diabetes (MGLDM). The hypothesis that perceptions of diabetes differ depending upon self-reported family history of diabetes was tested. Surveys assessing illness representation were administered by mail to adults with type 2 diabetes who attended diabetes education programs in a Northern Metropolitan East Coast location.

The evaluation and management of childhood type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Diabetes in children is increasing in prevalence with obesity-associated insulin resistance being a major contributing factor. This report contains a comprehensive review of treatment paradigms regarding the management of diabetes in children. The information provided was collected from an extensive literature review on type 2 diabetes, and children and/or adolescents with diabetes and/or obesity treatment.

Evaluation and management of apparent life-threatening events in infants.

Apparent life-threatening events (ALTEs) are frightening to caregivers and clinicians alike. This article provides a comprehensive review of the causes, management, and consequences of ALTEs. The information provided was collected from an extensive literature review using the search terms ALTE, sudden infant death syndrome, and apnea.

Perceived risk of amputation, emotions, and foot self-care among adults with type 2 diabetes.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of having a family member who experienced an amputation on one's own perceived risk and fear of experiencing a diabetes-related amputation.

Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study using paper-and-pencil surveys by mail. Adults with type 2 diabetes and a family history of diabetes attending a self-management education program in the Metropolitan New York/New Jersey area were recruited.

Multigenerational timeline and understanding of diabetes and self-care.

Testing the practice-theory multigenerational legacies of diabetes, effects of a family member's perceptions of the time line and understanding of diabetes on participants' perceptions of their own diabetes and effect of their own perceptions on self-care were examined. Using a cross-sectional descriptive design, 123 participants completed study instruments by mail. Memories of a family member's perception of the time line (r = .

Legacy of diabetes and self-care behavior.

The effect of multigenerational legacies of diabetes on health beliefs and behaviors was explored. Diabetic participants (N = 123) with family histories of diabetes responded to survey questions about their own diabetes self-care behavior, illness representation (including consequences and controllability of diabetes), recollection of a family member's illness representation and complications, and perceived social consequences of diabetes. Recollections about family members' disease controllability (r = .

The context of a legacy of diabetes: correlates of self-care behavior.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop a means to assess recollections of a family member's diabetes self-care behavior and to assess the relationships to a participant's own self-care behavior. Assessing recollections of a family member's self-care behavior may provide insight into what patients learn from family members with diabetes.

Methods: Volunteers with diabetes were recruited from 2 centers in the metropolitan New York/New Jersey area (N = 104) to complete a new pencil-and-paper survey called the Family Summary of Diabetes Self-care Activities Survey, adapted from the widely used, valid and reliable Summary of Diabetes Self-care Activities Survey to assess their recollections about a family member's diabetes self-care behavior.

The first diabetes educator is the family: using illness representation to recognize a multigenerational legacy of diabetes.

Purpose: This article proposes a framework for understanding multigenerational legacies of diabetes, which will assist with designing educational interventions for individuals with a known family history of type 2 diabetes.

Background/rationale: Diabetes is a chronic illness that has an associated hereditary predisposition. Family members at risk in subsequent generations may be influenced by the prior generation's experiences.

Managing stress response to control hypertension in type 2 diabetes.

The purpose of this article is to help clinicians understand how biological, psychological, and sociological stress responses synergistically influence blood pressure in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Theory-guided intervention for preventing diabetes-related amputations in African Americans.

A disproportionate number of individuals of African American descent undergo lower extremity amputations because of complications from diabetes mellitus (American Diabetes Association 2001). It is estimated that up to 85% of lower extremity amputations can be prevented through programs for preventing and treating foot ulcers, preventing reoccurrence of ulcers, and educating patients about proper foot care (American Diabetes Association 2001). The primary purpose of this article is to describe a church-based educational intervention that was developed to assist individuals of African American descent in the prevention of lower extremity amputations resulting from diabetes.

Consideration for legacies about diabetes and self-care for the family with a multigenerational occurrence of type 2 diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a familial disorder that is fast becoming epidemic in the USA. It is possible that nurses will care for entire families with diabetes in the near future. In multiple studies, family functioning, a family systems variable, has been correlated with self-management and glycemic outcomes.