Aberrant orbitofrontal connectivity in marijuana smoking adolescents.

Introduction: Orbitofrontal (OFC) circuits have been implicated in the pathophysiology of substance use disorders. The current study examined OFC functional connectivity differences in marijuana-using adolescents (MJ) and non-using healthy controls (HC).

Methods: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) resting-state data were obtained on a 3T MRI scanner on 31 HC and 43 heavy MJ smokers.

Reduced insular volume in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether structural differences in the insula and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), two critical areas of the "salience network," co-exist in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) compared with healthy controls (HC). In addition we aimed to determine if structural changes within these regions correlate with attention and inhibitory function. Nineteen adolescents with ADHD and 25 HC received MRI scans on a 3T magnet.