Phosphorus Additives and Albuminuria in Early Stages of CKD: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Little is known about the effects of phosphorus additives on patients with kidney disease.

Study Design: Randomized, double-blind, crossover trial.

Setting & Participants: 31 adults with early stages of presumed chronic kidney disease (estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥ 45mL/min/1.

Vitamin C and Heart Health: A Review Based on Findings from Epidemiologic Studies.

Vitamin C is a powerful dietary antioxidant that has received considerable attention in the literature related to its possible role in heart health. Although classical vitamin C deficiency, marked by scurvy, is rare in most parts of the world, some research has shown variable heart disease risks depending on plasma vitamin C concentration, even within the normal range. Furthermore, other studies have suggested possible heart-related benefits to vitamin C taken in doses beyond the minimal amounts required to prevent classically defined deficiency.

Generating and interpreting the Brinker gradient in the Drosophila wing.

The transcription factor Brinker (Brk) represses gene expression in the Drosophila wing imaginal disc, where it is expressed in symmetrical lateral-to-medial gradients, a pattern that is established by inverse gradients of the TGF-beta, Dpp, which is in turn transduced into graded phosphorylated Mad (pMad, an R-Smad). pMad is part of a complex which directly represses brk. sal and omb are targets of Brk and are, thus, only expressed medially with their domains extending mediolaterally into the region where Brk is graded.