Hyperhydration to Improve Kidney Outcomes in Children with Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli Infection: a multinational embedded cluster crossover randomized trial (the HIKO STEC trial).

Background: Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) infections affect children and adults worldwide, and treatment remain solely supportive. Up to 15-20% of children infected by high-risk STEC (i.

Pragmatic Pediatric Trial of Balanced Versus Normal Saline Fluid in Sepsis: The PRoMPT BOLUS Randomized Controlled Trial Pilot Feasibility Study.

Background: Resuscitation with crystalloid fluid is a cornerstone of pediatric septic shock treatment. However, the optimal type of crystalloid fluid is unknown. We aimed to determine the feasibility of conducting a pragmatic randomized trial to compare balanced (lactated Ringer's [LR]) with 0.

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG versus Placebo for Acute Gastroenteritis in Children.

Background: Acute gastroenteritis develops in millions of children in the United States every year, and treatment with probiotics is common. However, data to support the use of probiotics in this population are limited.

Methods: We conducted a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial involving children 3 months to 4 years of age with acute gastroenteritis who presented to one of 10 U.

Testing the association between gastroesophageal reflux and apnea in infants.

Background: There is controversy regarding the association between gastroesophageal reflux and apnea. The controversy is further confused by the variety of ways reflux is detected, the varying methods of data analysis and the heterogeneity of subjects studied.

Objectives: To determine if apnea is associated with reflux and to determine whether the association differs with acid or non acid reflux.