Addressing COVID-19 health disparities through a regional community health response.

To combat racial/ethnic and socioeconomic health disparities associated with COVID-19 in our surrounding communities, the Cleveland Clinic Community Health & Partnership team developed a comprehensive program focused on connecting and communicating with local officials, faith-based organizations, and individual community members. Since March of 2020, our team has donated resources (e.g.

Iodine deficiency: Clinical implications.

Iodine is crucial for thyroid hormone synthesis and fetal neurodevelopment. Major dietary sources of iodine in the United States are dairy products and iodized salt. Potential consequences of iodine deficiency are goiter, hypothyroidism, cretinism, and impaired cognitive development.

Heart failure in hypophosphatemic rickets: complications from high-dose phosphate therapy.

Objective: To report a rare case of hypophosphatemic rickets (HR) leading to extensive cardiac complications.

Methods: We present the clinical course and autopsy findings of a patient with HR, treated with chronic phosphate-only therapy as a child, who subsequently developed tertiary hyperparathyroidism leading to extensive cardiac calcifications and complications. We also review the literature on the pathophysiology of calcifications from HR.

Adrenal insufficiency.

Adrenocortical insufficiency may arise through primary failure of the adrenal glands or due to lack of ACTH stimulation as a result of pituitary or hypothalamic dysfunction. Prolonged administration of exogenous steroids will suppress the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and hence cortisol secretion. We review briefly the causes, investigation, and treatment of adrenal insufficiency, and highlight aspects of particular relevance to patients with adrenal tumors.

Vitamin d and serum cytokines in a randomized clinical trial.

Background. The role of vitamin D in the body's ability to fight influenza and URI's may be dependent on regulation of specific cytokines that participate in the host inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that vitamin D can influence intracellular signaling to regulate the production of cytokines.

Conivaptan: Evidence supporting its therapeutic use in hyponatremia.

Introduction: The available treatment options for euvolemic and hypervolemic hyponatremia are limited, and consist mainly of fluid restriction, diuresis, or hypertonic solutions. Most of these therapies are neither well tolerated nor totally effective, and many are associated with significant adverse effects. Vasopressin receptor antagonists, also known as vaptans, are a new class of agents that now offer an additional treatment option for hyponatremic patients.

Vitamin D intake to attain a desired serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration.

Background: Indirect evidence suggests that optimal vitamin D status is achieved with a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration >75 nmol/L.

Objective: We aimed to determine the intake of vitamin D(3) needed to raise serum 25(OH)D to >75 nmol/L.

Design: The design was a 6-mo, prospective, randomized, double-blinded, double-dummy, placebo-controlled study of vitamin D(3) supplementation.