The kinetic estimated glomerular filtration rate ratio predicts acute kidney injury.

Aim: Kinetic estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (KeGFR) approximates GFR under non-steady-state conditions. We investigated whether the ratio of KeGFR difference to baseline eGFR could predict acute kidney injury (AKI) earlier than a creatinine-based algorithm that triggered an AKI electronic Alert (eAlert).

Methods: This retrospective, single-centre, proof-of-concept cohort study assessed all patients diagnosed with AKI by an automated serum creatinine-based eAlert.

Targeting interventions for HIV testing and treatment uptake: An attitudinal and behavioural segmentation of men aged 20-34 in KwaZulu-Natal and Mpumalanga, South Africa.

Despite recent improvements, men still have worse HIV outcomes than women in South Africa. This study describes how young men form distinct behavioural and attitudinal subgroups, and is intended to inform the design of targeted interventions to encourage HIV testing and initiation on antiretroviral therapy. Data were collected using a cross-sectional survey with questions on men's attitudes, beliefs and behaviours around HIV/AIDS.

The regulatory utilization of genetic redundancy through responsive backup circuits.

Functional redundancies, generated by gene duplications, are highly widespread throughout all known genomes. One consequence of these redundancies is a tremendous increase to the robustness of organisms to mutations and other stresses. Yet, this very robustness also renders redundancy evolutionarily unstable, and it is, thus, predicted to have only a transient lifetime.

Measurement and analysis of non-Fickian dispersion in heterogeneous porous media.

Contaminant breakthrough behavior in a variety of heterogeneous porous media was measured in laboratory experiments, and evaluated in terms of both the classical advection-dispersion equation (ADE) and the continuous time random walk (CTRW) framework. Heterogeneity can give rise to non-Fickian transport patterns, which are distinguished by "anomalous" early arrival and late time tails in breakthrough curves. Experiments were conducted in two mid-scale laboratory flow cells packed with clean, sieved sand of specified grain sizes.