Aiolos promotes CXCR3 expression on Th1 cells via positive regulation of IFN-γ/STAT1 signaling.

CD4+ T helper 1 (Th1) cells coordinate adaptive immune responses to intracellular pathogens, including viruses. Key to this function is the ability of Th1 cells to migrate within secondary lymphoid tissues, as well as to sites of inflammation, which relies on signals received through the chemokine receptor CXCR3. CXCR3 expression is driven by the Th1 lineage-defining transcription factor T-bet and the cytokine-responsive STAT family members STAT1 and STAT4.

Cytotoxic Programming of CD4+ T Cells Is Regulated by Opposing Actions of the Related Transcription Factors Eos and Aiolos.

In contrast to the "helper" activities of most CD4+ T effector subsets, CD4+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD4-CTLs) perform functions normally associated with CD8+ T and NK cells. Specifically, CD4-CTLs secrete cytotoxic molecules and directly target and kill compromised cells in an MHC class II-restricted fashion. The functions of these cells have been described in diverse immunological contexts, including their ability to provide protection during antiviral and antitumor responses, as well as being implicated in autoimmunity.

Low-cost PM sensors can help identify driving factors of poor air quality and benefit communities.

Air quality is critical for public health. Residents rely chiefly on government agencies such as the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the United States to establish standards for the measurement of harmful contaminants including ozone, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, volatile organic chemicals (VOCs), and fine particulate matter at or below 2.5 μm.

Aiolos represses CD4 T cell cytotoxic programming via reciprocal regulation of T transcription factors and IL-2 sensitivity.

During intracellular infection, T follicular helper (T) and T helper 1 (T1) cells promote humoral and cell-mediated responses, respectively. Another subset, CD4-cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD4-CTLs), eliminate infected cells via functions typically associated with CD8 T cells. The mechanisms underlying differentiation of these populations are incompletely understood.

Mothers' Perspectives on a Mother/Infant Dyad Postpartum Primary Care Program Following Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Qualitative Pilot Study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to characterize mothers' experiences within a mother/infant dyad postpartum primary care program (Dyad) following gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) to inform improvements in the delivery of care.

Methods: A qualitative pilot study of women (n = 10) enrolled in a mother/infant Dyad program was conducted in a primary care practice at a large, urban academic medical center. Respondents were asked a series of open-ended questions about their experience with GDM, the Dyad program, and health behaviors.

Mediastinal Fibrosarcoma in a Dog-Case Report.

This represents the first published case report of mediastinal fibrosarcoma in a dog. An 8-year-old male neutered mixed breed dog was presented for evaluation of lethargy and increased panting. Thoracic focused assessment with sonography for trauma revealed moderate pleural effusion.

Mother-Infant Dyad program in primary care: evidence-based postpartum care following gestational diabetes.

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a common complication of pregnancy, is associated with a 10-fold increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) compared to the general population. Evidence-based guidelines recommend that patients with GDM receive postpartum care for T2DM risk reduction including an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) 4-12 weeks after delivery, yet half of patients with GDM did not return for their postpartum visits by 12 weeks postpartum. Additionally, only 10% utilize primary care within 12 months of delivery and one-third of GDM patients receive timely postpartum OGTT.

FGFR and PTEN signaling interact during lens development to regulate cell survival.

Lens epithelial cells express many receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) that stimulate PI3K-AKT and RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK intracellular signaling pathways. These pathways ultimately activate the phosphorylation of key cellular transcription factors and other proteins that control proliferation, survival, metabolism, and differentiation in virtually all cells. Among RTKs in the lens, only stimulation of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) elicits a lens epithelial cell to fiber cell differentiation response in mammals.

Potent, persistent induction and modulation of cellular immune responses in rhesus macaques primed with Ad5hr-simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) env/rev, gag, and/or nef vaccines and boosted with SIV gp120.

Immunity elicited by multicomponent vaccines delivered by replication-competent Ad5hr-simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) recombinants was systematically investigated. Rhesus macaques were immunized mucosally at weeks 0 and 12 with Ad5hr-SIV(smH4) env/rev, with or without Ad5hr-SIV(mac239) gag or Ad5hr-SIV(mac239) nef, or with all three recombinants. The total Ad5hr dosage was comparably adjusted among all animals with empty Ad5hr-DeltaE3 vector.