A Cross-Sectional Study of Disparities in Screening Guideline Concordance Within a Student-Run Clinic.

Examination of screening guideline concordance can help clinics and institutions identify and understand disparities within their own practices. We conducted a study to examine whether screening completion rates within a student-run free clinic (SRFC) reflected, exacerbated, or narrowed population-level disparities in outcomes by race/ethnicity and primary language. We compared completion rates for cervical cancer (n = 114), diabetic retinopathy (n = 91), colorectal cancer (n = 114), and breast cancer (n = 63) by race/ethnicity (Black, n = 37; Hispanic, n = 133; white, n = 54; other, n = 29) and primary language (English, n = 106; Spanish, n = 136; other, n = 11) among patients at Shade tree clinic (STC), an SFRC in Nashville, TN.

Ensemble learning to predict opioid-related overdose using statewide prescription drug monitoring program and hospital discharge data in the state of Tennessee.

Objective: To develop and validate algorithms for predicting 30-day fatal and nonfatal opioid-related overdose using statewide data sources including prescription drug monitoring program data, Hospital Discharge Data System data, and Tennessee (TN) vital records. Current overdose prevention efforts in TN rely on descriptive and retrospective analyses without prognostication.

Materials And Methods: Study data included 3 041 668 TN patients with 71 479 191 controlled substance prescriptions from 2012 to 2017.

What the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic Has Reinforced: The Need for Accurate Data.

The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged the United States’ existing national public health informatics infrastructure. This report details the factors that have contributed to COVID-19 data inaccuracies and reporting delays and their effect on the modeling and monitoring of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Sociodemographic factors, prescription history and opioid overdose deaths: a statewide analysis using linked PDMP and mortality data.

Background: Opioid overdose deaths have continued to rise in Tennessee (TN) with fentanyl emerging as a major contributor. Current data are needed to identify at-risk populations to guide prevention strategies. We conducted a large statewide observational study among TN adult decedents (2013-2016) to evaluate the association of sociodemographic factors and prescribing patterns with opioid overdose deaths.

AHRQ series on complex intervention systematic reviews-paper 4: selecting analytic approaches.

Background: Systematic reviews of complex interventions can vary widely in purpose, data availability and heterogeneity, and stakeholder expectations.

Rationale: This article addresses the uncertainty that systematic reviewers face in selecting methods for reviews of complex interventions. Specifically, it lays out parameters for systematic reviewers to consider when selecting analytic approaches that best answer the questions at hand and suggests analytic techniques that may be appropriate in different circumstances.

Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Upper Airway-Related Dyspnea: A Systematic Review.

Importance: Patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures address the need for patient-centered data and are now used in diverse clinical, research, and policy pursuits. They are important in conditions causing upper airway-related dyspnea in which the patient's reported experience and physiological data can be discrepant.

Objectives: To perform a systematic review of the literature on upper airway dyspnea-related PRO measures and to rigorously evaluate each measure's developmental properties, validation, and applicability.

Interventions Targeting Sensory Challenges in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review.

Context: Sensory challenges are common among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of interventions targeting sensory challenges in ASD.

Data Sources: Databases, including Medline and PsycINFO.

Nutritional and Dietary Interventions for Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review.

Context: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) frequently use special diets or receive nutritional supplements to treat ASD symptoms.

Objectives: Our objective was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of dietary interventions or nutritional supplements in ASD.

Data Sources: Databases, including Medline and PsycINFO.

Tonsillectomy Versus Watchful Waiting for Recurrent Throat Infection: A Systematic Review.

Context: The effectiveness of tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy ("tonsillectomy") for recurrent throat infection compared with watchful waiting is uncertain.

Objective: To compare sleep, cognitive, behavioral, and health outcomes of tonsillectomy versus watchful waiting in children with recurrent throat infections.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library.

Tonsillectomy for Obstructive Sleep-Disordered Breathing: A Meta-analysis.

Context: The effectiveness of tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy (hereafter, "tonsillectomy") for obstructive sleep-disordered breathing (OSDB) compared with watchful waiting with supportive care is poorly understood.

Objective: To compare sleep, cognitive or behavioral, and health outcomes of tonsillectomy versus watchful waiting with supportive care in children with OSDB.

Data Sources: Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library.

Voice-Related Patient-Reported Outcome Measures: A Systematic Review of Instrument Development and Validation.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to perform a comprehensive systematic review of the literature on voice-related patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures in adults and to evaluate each instrument for the presence of important measurement properties.

Method: MEDLINE, the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and the Health and Psychosocial Instrument databases were searched using relevant vocabulary terms and key terms related to PRO measures and voice. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were developed in consultation with an expert panel.

Patient-Reported Outcome Measures Related to Laryngopharyngeal Reflux: A Systematic Review of Instrument Development and Validation.

Objectives: Patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures are often used to diagnose laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) and monitor treatment outcomes in clinical and research settings. The present systematic review was designed to identify currently available LPR-related PRO measures and to evaluate each measure's instrument development, validation, and applicability.

Data Sources: MEDLINE via PubMed interface, CINAHL, and Health and Psychosocial Instrument databases were searched with relevant vocabulary and key terms related to PRO measures and LPR.

Checklist to operationalize measurement characteristics of patient-reported outcome measures.

Background: The purpose of this study was to advance a checklist of evaluative criteria designed to assess patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures' developmental measurement properties and applicability, which can be used by systematic reviewers, researchers, and clinicians with a varied range of expertise in psychometric measure development methodology.

Methods: A directed literature search was performed to identify original studies, textbooks, consensus guidelines, and published reports that propose criteria for assessing the quality of PRO measures. Recommendations from these sources were iteratively distilled into a checklist of key attributes.

Pharmacologic Interventions for Infantile Hemangioma: A Meta-analysis.

Context: Infantile hemangiomas (IH) may be associated with significant functional impact.

Objective: The objective of this study was to meta-analyze studies of pharmacologic interventions for children with IH.

Data Sources: Data sources were Medline and other databases from 1982 to June 2015.

A systematic literature review of individuals' perspectives on broad consent and data sharing in the United States.

Purpose: In 2011, an Advanced Notice of Proposed Rulemaking proposed that de-identified human data and specimens be included in biobanks only if patients provide consent. The National Institutes of Health Genomic Data Sharing policy went into effect in 2015, requiring broad consent from almost all research participants.

Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review of attitudes toward biobanking, broad consent, and data sharing.

Pharmacologic Agents That Promote Airway Clearance in Hospitalized Subjects: A Systematic Review.

Pharmacologic agents to promote mucus clearance may reduce the sequelae of obstructive secretions. We systematically reviewed comparative studies of pharmacologic agents for mucus clearance in hospitalized or postoperative subjects without cystic fibrosis and over 12 months of age. We searched MEDLINE and other databases from January 1970 to July 2014 to identify relevant literature.