Functional performance of patients with stroke during inpatient rehabilitation: a cross-sectional study of home and access visits.

Background: Home visits prior to inpatient rehabilitation facility (IRF) discharge allow occupational therapists to observe functional abilities among patients with stroke and address barriers that impact daily activities at home. However, home visits prior to IRF discharge are not standard practice due to barriers of time and cost constraints. We explored whether an access visit (visiting the home without the patient) could serve as an alternative to a home visit (with the patient) to anticipate functional abilities at home.

Acceptability and Effectiveness of a Dementia-Care Program Delivered by Community-Based Agency Staff.

Background And Objectives: Few proven dementia-care programs are integrated into community-based agencies. We report on the acceptability and effectiveness of an evidence-based program, Care of People in their Environment (COPE), delivered by community-based agency staff.

Research Design And Methods: Pretest/post-test design with 3 data points (baseline, 3-month program completion, 6-month follow-up).

Differences in Daily Activity Performance Between Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility and Home Among Stroke Survivors.

Background: Stroke survivors are one of the largest consumer groups of rehabilitation services. Despite improvement in daily activities while in inpatient rehabilitation, many have difficulty performing daily activities at home after discharge. The difference in performance between a standard clinical context and at home is poorly understood.

The Association Between Postural Sway and Preclinical Alzheimer Disease Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

Background: It is unknown whether older adults with preclinical Alzheimer disease (AD) experience changes in postural sway compared with those without preclinical AD. The purpose of this study was to understand the effect of dual tasking on standing balance, or postural sway, for people with and without preclinical AD.

Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from a longitudinal cohort study.

Removing home hazards for older adults living in affordable housing: A stepped-wedge cluster-randomized trial.

Background: Falls are the leading cause of injury, disability, premature institutionalization, and injury-related mortality among older adults. Home hazard removal can effectively reduce falls in this population but is not implemented as standard practice. This study translated an evidence-based home hazard removal program (HARP) for delivery in low-income senior apartments to test whether the intervention would work in the "real world.

Heterogeneity in management of category II fetal tracings: data from a multihospital healthcare system.

Background: Electronic fetal monitoring is widely used to identify and intervene in suspected fetal hypoxia and/or acidemia. Category II fetal heart rate tracings are the most common class of fetal monitoring in labor, and intrauterine resuscitation is recommended given the association of category II fetal heart rate tracings with fetal acidemia. However, limited published data are available to guide intrauterine resuscitation technique selection, leading to heterogeneity in the response to category II fetal heart rate tracings.

The impact of responsible fatherhood programs on parenting, psychological well-being, and financial outcomes: A randomized controlled trial.

The objective of this study was to examine differences in parenting, psychological well-being, and economic outcomes between fathers receiving two different programs offered by Fathers & Families Support Center for economically disadvantaged fathers: (a) Family Formation (FF), a 6-week/240-h program focused on economic stability/mobility, responsible fatherhood, and healthy relationships, with case management and legal services; (b) Economic Stability (ES), a 4-week/80-h program focused only on economic stability with limited case management and legal services. A randomized controlled trial (RCT) was used to compare fathers in FF (n = 350) vs. ES (n = 342).

Understanding barriers to treatment among individuals not engaged in treatment who misuse opioids: A structural equation modeling approach.

Many individuals misusing opioids do not enter into treatment. The question of who enters into treatment for their opioid abuse and under what circumstances is complex and shaped by multiple factors. The objective of the current study is to explore the risk factors for wide-ranging and numerous barriers to treatment among social media users.

Examining the self-reported advantages and disadvantages of socially networking about body image and eating disorders.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to understand the self-reported advantages and disadvantages of socially networking about body image/eating disorders (EDs) and to examine the openness of these participants to online outreach and support for ED symptoms.

Method: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted with a sample of N = 598. Eligible participants were ≥15 years old, English-speaking, and U.

Leveraging social media to explore the barriers to treatment among individuals with depressive symptoms.

Background: Individuals with depression may not seek treatment for their symptoms due to several types of barriers to treatment. In support of the growing research on mental health care access and the role of social media, this study aimed to increase knowledge of these barriers among social media users.

Methods: Participants were recruited from several social media platforms, including Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, Reddit, Tumblr, and online depression forums.

Utilizing social media to explore overdose and HIV/HCV risk behaviors among current opioid misusers.

Introduction: Opioid misuse has evolved into an American health crisis over the past decade, becoming a public health epidemic. Measures need to be taken to prevent overdoses by opioid misuse as well as prevent the transition into injection drug use, a high risk factor for contracting HIV/HCV. This study utilized social media to survey individuals currently misusing opioids to identify groups of individuals with different risk and use patterns.

Adolescents and young adults engaged with pro-eating disorder social media: eating disorder and comorbid psychopathology, health care utilization, treatment barriers, and opinions on harnessing technology for treatment.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine exposure (i.e., seeing, following, posting) to body image content emphasizing a thin ideal on various social media platforms and probable eating disorder (ED) diagnoses, ED-related quality of life, and psychiatric comorbidities (i.

Trends in Prescribed Central Nervous System Depressant Medications Among Adults Who Regularly Consume Alcohol: United States 1999 to 2014.

Background: Although the risks of using central nervous system depressant (CNS-D) medications with alcohol are well documented, little is known about trends in prescribed use of these medications among individuals who regularly consume alcohol (i.e., trends in "concurrent use").

"I just want to be skinny.": A content analysis of tweets expressing eating disorder symptoms.

There is increasing concern about online communities that promote eating disorder (ED) behaviors through messages and/or images that encourage a "thin ideal" (i.e., promotion of thinness as attractive) and harmful weight loss/weight control practices.

Delivering information about medication assisted treatment to individuals who misuse opioids through a mobile app: a pilot study.

Background: Digital therapeutic tools (e.g. mobile applications) can be accessible, low-cost interventions that counter misconceptions about medication assisted treatment (MAT) and/or improve deficits in MAT knowledge that are common barriers to treatment entry among individuals with opioid dependence.

Trends in Adult Alcohol Use and Binge Drinking in the Early 21st-Century United States: A Meta-Analysis of 6 National Survey Series.

Background: Recent trends in alcoholic liver disease, alcohol-related emergency room admissions, and alcohol use disorder prevalence as measured by general-population surveys have raised concerns about rising alcohol-related morbidity and mortality in the United States. In contrast, upward trends in per capita alcohol consumption have been comparatively modest.

Methods: To resolve these discordant observations, we sought to examine trends in the prevalence of alcohol use and binge drinking from 6 regularly or periodically administered national surveys using a meta-analytic approach.

Cannabis decriminalization: A study of recent policy change in five U.S. states.

Background: A number of public health professional organizations support the decriminalization of cannabis due to adverse effects of cannabis-related arrests and legal consequences, particularly on youth. We sought to examine the associations between cannabis decriminalization and both arrests and youth cannabis use in five states that passed decriminalization measures between the years 2008 and 2014: Massachusetts (decriminalized in 2008), Connecticut (2011), Rhode Island (2013), Vermont (2013), and Maryland (2014).

Methods: Data on cannabis possession arrests were obtained from federal crime statistics; data on cannabis use were obtained from state Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) surveys, years 2007-2015.

Marijuana Promotion Online: an Investigation of Dispensary Practices.

Marijuana product advertising will become more common, as the use of medical and/or recreational marijuana becomes increasingly legal in the USA. In this study, we investigate the marketing tactics being used on marijuana dispensary websites in the USA that could influence substance use behaviors. One hundred dispensary websites were randomly selected from 10 states that allowed the legal use of medical or recreational marijuana and had at least 10 operational dispensaries.

Leveraging user perspectives for insight into cannabis concentrates.

Background: The US has seen an increase in the popularity of highly concentrated forms of cannabis (hereafter concentrates) and too little is known about the potential risks associated with their use.

Objectives: The present study aims to better understand the patterns and outcomes of concentrates use through the perspectives of young adult users.

Methods: Participants (N = 234, 27.

A content analysis of an online pro-eating disorder community on Reddit.

Pro-eating disorder communities provide a refuge for individuals with eating disorders (EDs) who are ambivalent about seeking treatment. We investigated a pro-ED community on Reddit, an anonymous social networking platform with topical forums, to identify expression of behaviors aligned with ED symptoms and support for these behaviors. A content analysis on four weeks of topic-specific discussion threads (N=125 comments, 115 replies to comments) was conducted to identify behaviors consistent with ED psychopathology and support for these behaviors (informational, tangible assistance, esteem/emotional support).

A reciprocal effects analysis of cannabis use and perceptions of risk.

Background And Aims: Adolescents and young adults increasingly view cannabis as a relatively safe drug. Perception of risk associated with cannabis use is correlated negatively with the prevalence of use, but the causal nature of this association is debated. The aim of this study is to quantitate the reciprocal associations between cannabis use and risk perception in a longitudinal panel of emerging adults.

Messengers and Messages for Tweets That Used #thinspo and #fitspo Hashtags in 2016.

Introduction: Twitter is widely used by young adults and is popular for seeking and sharing health information. The hashtags #thinspo and #fitspo provide a way to identify tweets designed to inspire thinness (thinspiration, thinspo) or fitness (fitspiration, fitspo). However, despite having different purposes, both terms may be associated with content that promotes eating disorders.

"No High Like a Brownie High": A Content Analysis of Edible Marijuana Tweets.

Purpose: To investigate tweets about marijuana edibles for surveillance into the content of edibles-related tweets among individuals socially networking about this topic on Twitter.

Design: Cross-sectional analysis of tweets containing edible marijuana-related key words during 1 month.

Setting: Twitter.