Optimism and depression: a new look at social support as a mediator among women at risk for breast cancer.

Objective: Breast cancer risk is a chronic stressor associated with depression. Optimism is associated with lower levels of depression among breast cancer survivors. However, to our knowledge, no studies have explored the relationship between optimism and depression among women at risk for breast cancer.

Pain self-efficacy mediates the relationship between depressive symptoms and pain severity.

Objectives: We examined the relationships between depressive symptoms, pain severity, and pain self-efficacy (PSE) in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP). We hypothesized that change in depressive symptoms would significantly influence change in pain severity, and that PSE indirectly affects this relationship.

Materials And Methods: Participants were 109 CLBP patients in a 4-week multidisciplinary rehabilitation program for CLBP.