Poloxamer 407/188 binary thermosensitive hydrogels as delivery systems for infiltrative local anesthesia: Physico-chemical characterization and pharmacological evaluation.

In this study, we reported the development and the physico-chemical characterization of poloxamer 407 (PL407) and poloxamer 188 (PL188) binary systems as hydrogels for delivering ropivacaine (RVC), as drug model, and investigate their use in infiltrative local anesthesia for applications on the treatment of post-operative pain. We studied drug-micelle interaction and micellization process by light scattering and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), the sol-gel transition and hydrogel supramolecular structure by small-angle-X-ray scattering (SAXS) and morphological evaluation by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). In addition, we have presented the investigation of drug release mechanisms, in vitro/in vivo toxic and analgesic effects.

Liposomal butamben gel formulations: toxicity assays and topical anesthesia in an animal model.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxicity and the in vivo analgesic effect and local toxicity of the local anesthetic butamben (BTB) encapsulated in conventional or elastic liposomes incorporated in gel formulations. The results showed that both gel formulations of liposomal BTB reduced the cytotoxicity (p < 0.001; one-way ANOVA/Tukey's test) and increased the topical analgesic effect (p < 0.