Medical Reserve Corps Volunteers' Characteristics Affect Disaster Survival.

Objective: Medical Reserve Corps' volunteers underwent stop-the-bleed, triage, and disaster preparedness training to improve victim survival of a mass casualty event.

Methods: Volunteer responses to 16 disaster vignettes were recorded as 'survived' if correct, or 'died' if incorrect. Volunteers' characteristics were evaluated based on the health outcomes of the vignette victims via logistic regression.

False Beliefs and Attitude Are Barriers to COVID-19 Vaccination.

As of October 2021, Medical Reserve Corps (MRC) volunteers donated over 2 million h to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The Health Belief Model (HBM) is used to understand the value a person places on preventative behavior against the risk of disease. A mixed method, unmatched, prospective case-control study was conducted regarding volunteers' experience during the pandemic, reasons why these highly trained persons volunteer, what barriers to vaccination they observed, and how they helped others overcome those barriers.

Pandemic Isolation and Mental Health Among Children.

Objective: Mental health issues increased during the COVID - 19 pandemic, especially among children. Our past research efforts found that surveillance data can address a variety of health concerns; that personal psychological awareness impacted ability to cope, and mental health outcomes were improved when survivors were triaged to mental health countermeasures. To build upon our public health efforts, we wanted to see if increased screen time due to remote learning caused by the pandemic influenced school aged children's mental health.

Syndromic Surveillance Data for Accidental Fall Injury.

Background: Fall injuries (FI) are a priority for public health planning. Syndromic surveillance (SS) is used to detect outbreaks, environmental exposures, and bioterrorism in real time. Since information is gathered on patients, the utility of using this system for FI should be evaluated.

Thromboembolic Risk of 4-Factor Prothrombin Complex Concentrate versus Fresh Frozen Plasma for Urgent Warfarin Reversal in the Emergency Department.

Introduction: Warfarin is a potent anticoagulant used for the prevention and treatment of venous and arterial thrombosis. Occasionally, patients require emergent warfarin reversal due to active bleeding, supratherapeutic international normalized ratio, or emergent diagnostic or therapeutic interventions. Various agents can be used for emergent warfarin reversal, including fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (4F-PCC).

Implementation of a Rapid, Protocol-based TIA Management Pathway.

Introduction: Our goal was to assess whether use of a standardized clinical protocol improves efficiency for patients who present to the emergency department (ED) with symptoms of transient ischemic attack (TIA).

Methods: We performed a structured, retrospective, cohort study at a large, urban, tertiary care academic center. In July 2012 this hospital implemented a standardized protocol for patients with suspected TIA.

Chaplaincy Visitation and Spiritual Care after Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

To better understand factors influencing spiritual care during critical illness, we examined the use of spiritual care in patients hospitalized with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), a frequently disabling and fatal disease. Specifically, the study was designed to examine which demographic and clinical characteristics were associated with chaplain visits to critically ill patients. The charts of consecutive adults (>18) with spontaneous ICH presenting to a single academic medical center between January 2014 and September 2015 were reviewed.

Using Functional Needs and Personal Care Assistance Rather Than Disability Status During Chronic Care Triage in Community Mass Care.

Objective: To evaluate Medical Reserve Corps volunteers and public health workers in conducting chronic care triage by use of a rubric prior to sheltering to connect survivors with services.

Methods: Participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 algorithms or a control group during a simulated disaster scenario and were asked to rate 20 survivors arriving at a chronic care triage station with situation-appropriate transport services. Survivors were simulated on the basis of the expected disability distributions of mobility, sensory-visual, cognition, medical devices, capacity to perform activities of daily living (ADLs), age (18 to 90 years), weight, and gender expected in the general population but expanded to 90% of those presenting.

Willingness to respond for radiologic incidents: a hands-on approach.

The Center for Disease Control and Prevention published two Radiological Terrorism Toolkits: Public Health Officials (PHTK) and Emergency Services Clinicians (ESCTK). The study consisted of training public health workers and Medical Reserve Corps volunteers to rate 10 distinct virtual survivors each and route them through a Community Reception Center (CRC) pretraining and post-training. The training's effect on the rater's radiation medical knowledge and willingness to respond (WTR) was also measured.

Identifying patients with problematic drug use in the emergency department: results of a multisite study.

Study Objective: Drug-related emergency department (ED) visits have steadily increased, with substance users relying heavily on the ED for medical care. The present study aims to identify clinical correlates of problematic drug use that would facilitate identification of ED patients in need of substance use treatment.

Methods: Using previously validated tests, 15,224 adult ED patients across 6 academic institutions were prescreened for drug use as part of a large randomized prospective trial.

Two overrepresented B cell populations in HIV-infected individuals undergo apoptosis by different mechanisms.

Perturbations of B cells in HIV-infected individuals are associated with the overrepresentation of distinct B cell populations. Here we describe high extrinsic CD95 ligand (CD95L)-mediated apoptosis in CD10-/CD21lo mature/activated B cells that likely arise from HIV-induced immune activation. In addition, high intrinsic apoptosis was observed in CD10+ immature/transitional B cells that likely arise as a result of HIV-induced lymphopenia.

Appearance of immature/transitional B cells in HIV-infected individuals with advanced disease: correlation with increased IL-7.

Progression of HIV disease is associated with the appearance of numerous B cell defects. We describe herein a population of immature/transitional B cells that is overly represented in the peripheral blood of individuals with advancing HIV disease. These B cells, identified by the expression of CD10, were unresponsive by proliferation to B cell receptor triggering and possessed a phenotype and an Ig diversity profile that confirmed their immature/transitional stage of differentiation.