Impact of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease on Sepsis Inpatient Outcomes: A Nationwide Sample Analysis (2000-2019).

Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) are reported to have an increased risk of developing severe infections, leading to hospitalizations with sepsis. However, data regarding the impact of comorbid NAFLD on in-hospital outcomes of patients with sepsis is scarce. This nationwide retrospective observational study using discharge data from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS), Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), and Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality included 21,057,911 adult patients who were admitted to hospitals in the United States between 2000 and 2019 with a primary discharge diagnosis of sepsis.

Variations in antihypertensive medication treatment and blood pressure control among Veterans with HIV and existing hypertension.

Background: Hypertension is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease among patients living with HIV (PLWH). Understanding the predictors and patterns of antihypertensive medication prescription and blood pressure (BP) control among PLWH with hypertension (HTN) is important to improve the primary prevention efforts for this high-risk population. We sought to assess important patient-level correlates (eg, race) and inter-facility variations in antihypertension medication prescriptions and BP control among Veterans living with HIV (VLWH) and HTN.

Cognitive Biases in the Era of COVID-19 : A Case of Bacteremia in a Patient with Small Bowel Obstruction.

bacteremia in immunocompetent patients is rare with very few reported cases in the literature. We present a case of bacteremia in an 81-year-old immunocompetent man with small bowel obstruction and hypoxemia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Routine monitoring of prognostic inflammatory markers for COVID-19 created a unique challenge in the management of our patient who developed sepsis with respiratory symptoms.

Evaluation of post-flexible cystoscopy urinary tract infection rates.

Purpose: The risk of urinary tract infection (UTI) development after flexible cystoscopy (FC) is not well described. It remains difficult to assess the role of pre-FC antimicrobial prophylaxis to reduce UTI risk.

Methods: In fall 2017, the urology service at the Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center implemented routine oral antimicrobial prophylaxis in its outpatient FC clinic.

Left-sided Pseudomonas Endocarditis with Disseminated Septic Emboli.

A 59-year-old man presented with sharp chest pain, hypoxia, and tachycardia. His past medical history included intravenous drug use (IVDU). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from his blood.

Assessments of Opportunities to Improve Antibiotic Prescribing in an Emergency Department: A Period Prevalence Survey.

Introduction: Approximately 30% of all outpatient antimicrobials are inappropriately prescribed. Currently, antimicrobial prescribing patterns in emergency departments (ED) are not well described. Determining inappropriate antimicrobial prescribing patterns and opportunities for interventions by antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASP) are needed.

Daptomycin-induced eosinophilic pneumonia - a systematic review.

Purpose: Eosinophilic pneumonia comprises a group of lung diseases in which eosinophils appear in increased numbers in the lungs and sometimes in the bloodstream. Several case reports link daptomycin use to this phenomenon.

Summary: We performed a systematic literature review to identify cases of eosinophilic pneumonia associated with daptomycin use.

Gastrointestinal CMV in an elderly, immunocompetent patient.

An 83-year-old male with a history of diabetes but with an otherwise intact immune system presented with melena. Upper endoscopy showed gastric and duodenal ulcers. Colonoscopy showed colonic ulcers.

Antimicrobial stewardship program prompts increased and earlier infectious diseases consultation.

A recent analysis demonstrated that infectious diseases (ID) specialty intervention was associated with decreased mortality and hospital readmission. These benefits were greatest if involvement occurred within two days of hospital admission. Antimicrobial stewardship programs should augment the services of an ID specialist team and promote formal consultation.

Willingness to receive an HIV vaccine among incarcerated persons.

Background: Once an HIV vaccine becomes available, high-risk adults will be a target population for vaccination, and HIV vaccination programs for inmates may be a public health priority. Nothing is known about U.S.

A review of the case for hepatitis B vaccination of high-risk adults.

The sequelae of hepatitis B virus infection include fulminant liver failure, chronic liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, and death. The hepatitis B vaccine is efficacious, safe, and cost-effective, but has been consistently underutilized in high-risk adults despite long-standing recommendations. Instituting routine hepatitis B vaccination for high-risk adults in settings such as prisons and jails, sexually transmitted disease clinics, drug treatment centers, and needle exchange programs could prevent up to 800 cases of hepatitis, and 10 deaths from hepatitis, per 10,000 vaccinations, with an overall cost savings.