The Role of Diet, Nutrition, and Supplements in Canine Atopic Dermatitis.

This review summarizes studies on diet, nutrition, and supplements in the management of canine atopic dermatitis with focus on the past 10 years (2020-2024). Diet plays a large role in the management of canine atopic dermatitis, especially for patients with a food allergy. There is minimal evidence supporting the use of probiotics, fatty acid supplementation, vitamin E, vitamin D, Zinc, or cannabinoids, although they may be a useful adjunct.

Update on the skin barrier, cutaneous microbiome and host defence peptides in canine atopic dermatitis.

Background: Canine atopic dermatitis (AD) is a complex inflammatory skin disease associated with cutaneous microbiome, immunological and skin barrier alterations. This review summarises the current evidence on skin barrier defects and on cutaneous microbiome dysfunction in canine AD.

Objective: To this aim, online citation databases, abstracts and proceedings from international meetings on skin barrier and cutaneous microbiome published between 2015 and 2023 were reviewed.

Update on the role of genetic factors, environmental factors and allergens in canine atopic dermatitis.

Background: Canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) is a common, complex and multifactorial disease involving, among others, genetic predisposition, environmental factors and allergic sensitisation.

Objective: This review summarises the current evidence on the role of genetic and environmental factors and allergic sensitisation in the pathogenesis of cAD since the last review by ICADA in 2015.

Materials And Methods: Online citation databases and proceedings from international meetings on genetic factors, environmental factors and allergens relevant to cAD that had been published between 2015 and 2022 were reviewed.

Update on the role of cytokines and chemokines in canine atopic dermatitis.

Background: Cytokines and chemokines play central roles in the pathogenesis of canine atopic dermatitis (cAD). Numerous studies have been published and provide new insights into their roles in cAD.

Objectives: To summarise the research updates on the role of cytokines and chemokines in the pathogenesis of cAD since the last review by the International Committee on Allergic Diseases of Animals in 2015.

Canine Pruritus Visual Analog Scale: how does it capture owners' perception of their pet's itching level?

Background: Accurate measurement of pruritus severity is difficult in veterinary medicine.

Objectives: To determine how the changes in Pruritus Visual Analog Scale (PVAS) scores at follow-up visits agree with the owners' perceptions of improvement of their pet's pruritus.

Animals: One hundred and ninety two pruritic dogs were included in the prospective study and 196 in the retrospective study.

Review: Lymphocytes, cytokines, chemokines and the T-helper 1-T-helper 2 balance in canine atopic dermatitis.

Background: The development of atopic dermatitis (AD) and other cutaneous hypersensitivities involves the activation and differentiation of allergen-specific lymphocytes. Although hypersensitivity is often considered to be a 'T-helper 2-polarized' lymphocyte response, recent evidence suggests that clinical disease is associated with the development of multiple lymphocyte phenotypes.

Objectives: The purpose of this paper is to review recent advances in the understanding of the roles of lymphocytes, cytokines and noncytokine factors in the pathogenesis of canine AD.

Review: The role of antibodies, autoantigens and food allergens in canine atopic dermatitis.

Background: Canine atopic dermatitis (AD) is considered to be an immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated hypersensitivity response to environmental allergens. The role of other antibody isotypes and nonenvironmental allergens in disease pathogenesis remains unclear.

Objectives: The objective of this review is to provide an update on advances in the understanding of the relevance of specific antibody isotypes, autoallergens and nonenvironmental allergens in the pathogenesis of canine AD.

Review: Innate immunity, lipid metabolism and nutrition in canine atopic dermatitis.

Background: The pathogenesis of canine atopic dermatitis (AD) involves dysfunction of the adaptive immune system. Recent evidence suggests that nonantigen-specific inflammatory elements may play a role in the development and perpetuation of canine AD.

Objectives: The objective of this review is to provide an update on recent advances in the understanding of the role of innate immune cells, keratinocytes, lipid metabolism and nutrition in the pathogenesis of AD in dogs.

Review: Role of genetics and the environment in the pathogenesis of canine atopic dermatitis.

Background: Multiple levels of evidence support the role of genetics and the environment in the pathogenesis of canine atopic dermatitis (AD).

Objectives: This review summarizes the current evidence in genetics and the effect of environmental factors on the development and perpetuation of canine AD.

Methods: Citation databases, abstracts and proceedings from international meetings published between 2001 and 2013 were reviewed in this update.

Review: Pathogenesis of canine atopic dermatitis: skin barrier and host-micro-organism interaction.

Background: Canine atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common, genetically predisposed, inflammatory and pruritic skin disease. The pathogenesis of canine AD is incompletely understood.

Objectives: The aim of this review is to provide an in-depth update on the involvement of skin barrier and host-microbiome interaction in the pathogenesis of canine AD.

Review: Clinical and histological manifestations of canine atopic dermatitis.

Background: Many studies focusing on clinical and histological signs of canine atopic dermatitis (AD) have been published since its early descriptions decades ago. Findings of these studies contributed to our current knowledge about the disease pathogenesis and allowed establishment of diagnostic criteria used by clinicians and researchers.

Objectives: This review serves as an update on the clinical and histological features of canine AD published by the American College of Veterinary Dermatology Task Force on Canine Atopic Dermatitis in 2001 and summarizes the recent discoveries in these fields.

Isolation of bacterial skin flora of healthy sheep, with comparison between frequent and minimal human handling.

Background: Few data are available regarding skin bacterial flora of healthy sheep and meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus carriage.

Hypothesis/objectives: To compare skin, ear and mucosal bacterial populations between minimally and frequently handled sheep; to determine whether the frequency of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus varied between groups.

Animals: One hundred and three healthy feedlot and show sheep from eight farms.

Adverse events in 50 cats with allergic dermatitis receiving ciclosporin.

Ciclosporin is an immunosuppressive drug that has been used to treat allergies and other immune-mediated diseases in cats, dogs and humans. Information about the adverse effects of ciclosporin in cats has been limited to smaller studies and case reports. Adverse effects in dogs are mainly gastrointestinal in nature, but humans can also experience hypertension and altered renal function.

The expression of histamine H4 receptor mRNA in the skin and other tissues of normal dogs.

The histamine 4 (H(4)) receptor was first cloned and characterized in 2000 using the human H(3) receptor DNA sequence. The H(4) receptor has been shown to participate in various aspects of inflammation, such as chemotaxis, upregulation of adhesion molecule expression and modulation of cytokine secretion. The primary goal of this study was to determine whether H(4) receptor mRNA is expressed in normal canine skin by performing an RT-PCR.