The effect of laparoscopy on intracranial pressure as measured by optic nerve sheath diameter: A review.

Laparoscopic surgery has many benefits over open surgery including lower complication rates, and shorter duration and lower cost of hospitalization. However, recent human literature suggests laparoscopy and carbon dioxide insufflation can result in intracranial hypertension. Invasive monitoring of intracranial pressure is not routinely performed in veterinary medicine, and ultrasonographic evaluation of the optic nerve sheath has been employed as an indirect measure of intracranial pressure in many species.

The impact of acepromazine on the efficacy of crystalloid, dextran or ephedrine treatment in hypotensive dogs under isoflurane anesthesia.

Objective: To determine the impact of acepromazine on the cardiovascular responses to three treatments for hypotension in dogs during deep isoflurane anesthesia.

Study Design: Prospective blinded randomized cross-over experimental design.

Animals: Six adult (2.

Use of ephedrine and dopamine in dogs for the management of hypotension in routine clinical cases under isoflurane anesthesia.

Objective: To determine the cardiovascular responses of ephedrine and dopamine for the management of presurgical hypotension in anesthetized dogs.

Study Design: Prospective, randomized, clinical trial.

Animals: Twelve healthy client-owned dogs admitted for orthopedic surgery; six per group

Methods: Prior to surgery, 58 anesthetized dogs were monitored for hypotension [mean arterial pressure (MAP) <60 mmHg] that was not associated with bradycardia or excessive anesthetic depth.

Response of hypotensive dogs to dopamine hydrochloride and dobutamine hydrochloride during deep isoflurane anesthesia.

Objective: To evaluate the dose-related cardiovascular and urine output (UrO) effects of dopamine hydrochloride and dobutamine hydrochloride, administered individually and in combination at various ratios, and identify individual doses that achieve target mean arterial blood pressure (MAP; 70 mm Hg) and cardiac index (CI; 150 mL/kg/min) in dogs during deep isoflurane anesthesia.

Animals: 10 young clinically normal dogs.

Procedures: Following isoflurane equilibration at a baseline MAP of 50 mm Hg on 3 occasions, dogs randomly received IV administration of dopamine (3, 7, 10, 15, and 20 microg/kg/min), dobutamine (1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 microg/kg/min), and dopamine-dobutamine combinations (3.

Comparison of cardiopulmonary responses during sedation with epidural and local anesthesia for laparoscopic-assisted jejunostomy feeding tube placement with cardiopulmonary responses during general anesthesia for laparoscopic-assisted or open surgical jejunostomy feeding tube placement in healthy dogs.

Objective: To evaluate the use of laparoscopic-assisted jejunostomy feeding tube (J-tube) placement in healthy dogs under sedation with epidural and local anesthesia and compare cardiopulmonary responses during this epidural anesthetic protocol with cardiopulmonary responses during general anesthesia for laparoscopic-assisted or open surgical J-tube placement.

Animals: 15 healthy mixed-breed dogs.

Procedures: Dogs were randomly assigned to receive open surgical J-tube placement under general anesthesia (n = 5 dogs; group 1), laparoscopic-assisted J-tube placement under general anesthesia (5; group 2), or laparoscopic-assisted J-tube placement under sedation with epidural and local anesthesia (5; group 3).

Impact of dopamine or dobutamine infusions on cardiovascular variables after rapid blood loss and volume replacement during isoflurane-induced anesthesia in dogs.

Objective: To determine the cardiovascular effects of dopamine and dobutamine infusions during nor-movolemia, hypovolemia (HV) through blood loss of 10 mL/kg (HV(10)), further loss to 25 mL/kg (HV(25)), and volume replacement (VR) in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs.

Animals: 7 healthy young dogs.

Procedures: Dogs were anesthetized with isoflurane 2 times (3 weeks apart).

Comparative pharmacokinetics of meloxicam in clinically normal horses and donkeys.

Objective: To determine the disposition of a bolus of meloxicam (administered IV) in horses and donkeys (Equus asinus) and compare the relative pharmacokinetic variables between the species.

Animals: 5 clinically normal horses and 5 clinically normal donkeys.

Procedures: Blood samples were collected before and after IV administration of a bolus of meloxicam (0.

Comparison of arterial pressure waveform analysis with the lithium dilution technique to monitor cardiac output in anesthetized dogs.

Objective: To assess agreement between arterial pressure waveform-derived cardiac output (PCO) and lithium dilution cardiac output (LiDCO) systems in measurements of various levels of cardiac output (CO) induced by changes in anesthetic depth and administration of inotropic drugs in dogs.

Animals: 6 healthy dogs.

Procedure: Dogs were anesthetized on 2 occasions separated by at least 5 days.

Evaluation of laparoscopic-assisted placement of jejunostomy feeding tubes in dogs.

Objective: To evaluate feasibility of performing laparoscopic-assisted placement of a jejunostomy feeding tube (J-tube) and compare complications associated with placement, short-term feedings, and medium-term healing with surgically placed tubes in dogs.

Design: Prospective study.

Animals: 15 healthy mixed-breed dogs.

A review of the physiological effects of alpha2-agonists related to the clinical use of medetomidine in small animal practice.

Medetomidine is a relatively new sedative analgesic drug that is approved for use in dogs in Canada. It is the most potent alpha2-adrenoreceptor available for clinical use in veterinary medicine and stimulates receptors centrally to produce dose-dependent sedation and analgesia. Significant dose sparing properties occur when medetomidine is combined with other anesthetic agents correlating with the high affinity of this drug to the alpha2-adrenoreceptor.

The echocardiographic effects of romifidine in dogs with and without prior or concurrent administration of glycopyrrolate.

Objective: To determine the cardiopulmonary response to romifidine (RO) in the dog with or without prior or concurrent administration of glycopyrrolate.

Study Design: Randomized, cross-over experimental study.

Animals: Six (three male, three female) cross-bred dogs weighing 23 +/- 2.

The cardiopulmonary effects of romifidine in dogs with and without prior or concurrent administration of glycopyrrolate.

Objective: To determine the electrocardiographic and cardiopulmonary effects of romifidine with and without prior or concurrent administration of glycopyrrolate.

Study Design: Randomized crossover experimental study.

Animals: Six (three male, three female) cross-bred dogs weighing 23 ± 2.