Discovery of BAY 2413555, First Selective Positive Allosteric Modulator of the M2 Receptor to Restore Cardiac Autonomic Balance.

Autonomic disbalance, i.e., sympathetic overactivation and parasympathetic withdrawal, is a causal driver of disease progression in heart failure.

Substitution of the Participating Group of Glycosyl Donors by a Halogen Atom: Influence on the Rearrangement of Transient Orthoesters Formed during Glycosylation Reactions.

Substitution of the participating group of glycosyl donors by a halogen atom is shown to specifically induce degradation of transient orthoesters formed during glycosylation reactions, depending on the nature of the acceptor, and to affect the protonation profile of those intermediates. Following these findings, bromo- and chloroacetates, which are major protecting groups in glycochemistry because they are orthogonal to other esters, should be considered with care as participating groups in the future.

Using Rh(III)-catalyzed C-H activation as a tool for the selective functionalization of ketone-containing molecules.

Due to the strong potential of C-H activation in many areas of organic chemistry, the use of a pre-existing carbonyl group for the installation of a directing group to enable selective and predictable α-alkenylation with activated olefins as coupling partners is described. This Heck-type reaction would then lead either to β,γ-unsaturated ketones or to variously substituted 1,4-butadienes depending on the conditions used for the cleavage of the directing group.

Rh(III)-catalyzed intramolecular redox-neutral cyclization of alkenes via C-H activation.

Biologically interesting fused oligocyclic lactams have been prepared via an intramolecular redox-neutral cyclization process. By the proper choice of the substrates with a wide variety of tethered olefins, the less favored C-H bond can be activated and functionalized. This C-H activation proceeds under mild conditions, obviates the need for external oxidants, and displays a broad scope with respect to the substituents.

Rh(III)-catalyzed synthesis of multisubstituted isoquinoline and pyridine N-oxides from oximes and diazo compounds.

Multisubstituted isoquinoline and pyridine N-oxides have been prepared by Rh(III)-catalyzed cyclization of oximes and diazo compounds via aryl and vinylic C-H activation. This intermolecular annulation involving tandem C-H activation, cyclization, and condensation steps proceeds under mild conditions, obviates the need for oxidants, releases N2 and H2O as the byproducts, and displays a broad substituent scope.

Rh(III)-catalyzed dehydrogenative alkylation of (hetero)arenes with allylic alcohols, allowing aldol condensation to indenes.

Efficient Rh(III)-catalyzed C-H activation of different classes of (hetero)arenes such as 2-phenylpyridine, indoles, aryl ketones and acetanilide and their dehydrogenative cross-coupling with allylic alcohols are described. Several important skeletons such as β-aryl aldehydes and ketones, 2-acetylindenes, 3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one and quinoline could be produced using this protocol.

Carbene-mediated functionalization of the anomeric C-H bond of carbohydrates: scope and limitations.

Herein we investigate the scope and limitations of a new synthetic approach towards α- and β-ketopyranosides relying on the functionalization of the anomeric C-H bond of carbohydrates by insertion of a metal carbene. A key bromoacetate grafted at the 2-position is the cornerstone of a stereoselective glycosylation/diazotransfer/quaternarization sequence that makes possible the construction of a quaternary center with complete control of the stereochemistry. This sequence shows a good tolerance toward protecting groups commonly used in carbohydrate chemistry and gives rise to quaternary disaccharides with good efficiency.

Rh(II) carbene-promoted activation of the anomeric C-H bond of carbohydrates: a stereospecific entry toward α- and β-ketopyranosides.

In this communication we report a new strategy toward ketopyranosides based on a carbene-mediated activation of the anomeric C-H bond of carbohydrates. By forming a new carbon-carbon bond after a glycosylation step, this approach enables the preparation of both α- and β-ketopyranosides from advanced precursors.