Imaging of congenital torticollis in infants: a retrospective study of an institutional protocol.

OBJECTIVE The authors' objectives in this study were to evaluate their institutional protocol and create recommendations for radiographic imaging in infants with torticollis, with or without plagiocephaly, based on a retrospective clinical analysis and literature review. METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted to identify infants with torticollis who were evaluated by the craniofacial team. The following patients were identified: those who underwent imaging in the form of radiography, CT scanning, or MRI; those who had a secondary diagnosis or additional clinical finding as the indication for imaging; and those with persistent torticollis despite completion of recommended repositioning techniques and physical therapy (PT).

Recent Advances in Understanding and Managing Autism Spectrum Disorders.

Autism spectrum disorder in children is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by difficulties with social communication and behavior. Growing scientific evidence in addition to clinical practice has led the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) to categorize several disorders into the broader category of autism spectrum disorder. As more is learned about how autism spectrum disorder manifests, progress has been made toward better clinical management including earlier diagnosis, care, and when specific interventions are required.

Selective dorsal rhizotomy for spastic diplegia secondary to stroke in an adult patient.

Background: Selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) is often recommended for children with spastic paraparesis and cerebral palsy. SDR reduces spasticity in the lower extremities for these children with spastic paraplegia. However, SDR is infrequently recommended for adults with spasticity.

Understanding the reasons for delayed referral for intrathecal baclofen therapy in pediatric patients with severe spasticity.

Objective: Intrathecal baclofen therapy (ITB) has been used in the treatment of spasticity and dystonia. In our pediatric movement disorder clinic, we noted a delay in referral of patients for consideration of ITB. Often, only after years of failed medical therapy, a baclofen pump is considered.