Plasmidic Fluoroquinolone Resistance Genes in Fluoroquinolone-Resistant and/or Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Strains Isolated from Pediatric and Adult Patients Diagnosed with Urinary Tract Infection.

is the leading etiological agent of community-acquired urinary tract infection (UTI). Fluoroquinolones have long been the choice of empirical treatment for UTIs. Plasmid-mediated fluoroquinolone-resistance (PMFR) is important not only for conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones but also because of the presence of PMFR genes on plasmids carrying genes encoding resistance to other antimicrobials.