Impact of ChatGPT and Large Language Models on Radiology Education: Association of Academic Radiology-Radiology Research Alliance Task Force White Paper.

Generative artificial intelligence, including large language models (LLMs), holds immense potential to enhance healthcare, medical education, and health research. Recognizing the transformative opportunities and potential risks afforded by LLMs, the Association of Academic Radiology-Radiology Research Alliance convened a task force to explore the promise and pitfalls of using LLMs such as ChatGPT in radiology. This white paper explores the impact of LLMs on radiology education, highlighting their potential to enrich curriculum development, teaching and learning, and learner assessment.

Combining external physical stimuli and nanostructured materials for upregulating pro-regenerative cellular pathways in peripheral nerve repair.

Peripheral nerve repair remains a major clinical challenge, particularly in the pursuit of therapeutic approaches that ensure adequate recovery of patient's activity of daily living. Autografts are the gold standard in clinical practice for restoring lost sensorimotor functions nowadays. However, autografts have notable drawbacks, including dimensional mismatches and the need to sacrifice one function to restore another.

Blocking antibodies against integrin-α3, -αM, and -αMβ2 de-differentiate myofibroblasts, and improve lung fibrosis and kidney fibrosis.

Fibrosis is involved in 45% of deaths in the United States, and no treatment exists to reverse the progression of lung or kidney fibrosis. Myofibroblasts are key to the progression and maintenance of fibrosis. We investigated features of cell adhesion necessary for monocytes to differentiate into myofibroblasts, seeking to identify pathways key to myofibroblast differentiation.

Thyroid Cancer-Related Fear & Anxiety in Patients With Benign Thyroid Nodules: A Mixed-Methods Study.

Introduction: Thyroid cancer diagnosis often evokes strong negative emotions in patients, yet little is understood about such responses in those with benign thyroid nodules. This study explored the impact of a hypothetical cancer diagnosis, the provision of treatment information, and emotional support from surgeons on patients with benign nodules.

Methods: Patients within 30 d of a thyroid nodule biopsy were asked to imagine their nodule was cancerous and write down their feelings about this diagnosis.

Reaction of β-Ketoester and 1,3-Diol to Access Chemically Recyclable and Mechanically Robust Poly(vinyl alcohol) Thermosets through Incorporation of β-(1,3-dioxane)ester.

The development of mechanically robust, chemically stable, and yet recyclable polymers represents an essential undertaking in the context of advancing a circular economy for plastics. Here, we introduce a novel cleavable β-(1,3-dioxane)ester (DXE) linkage, synthesized through the catalyst-free reaction of β-ketoester and 1,3-diol, to cross-link poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) for the formation of high-performance thermosets with inherent chemical recyclability. PVA, modified with β-ketoester groups through the transesterification reaction with excess tert-butyl acetoacetate, undergoes cross-linking reactions with the unmodified 1,3-diols within PVA itself upon thermal treatment.

Beyond the limiting gap length: peripheral nerve regeneration through implantable nerve guidance conduits.

Peripheral nerve damage results in the loss of sensorimotor and autonomic functions, which is a significant burden to patients. Furthermore, nerve injuries greater than the limiting gap length require surgical repair. Although autografts are the preferred clinical choice, their usage is impeded by their limited availability, dimensional mismatch, and the sacrifice of another functional donor nerve.

Webbed Neck Deformity Reconstruction in Patients with Turner Syndrome: Technical Considerations in Treating Congenital Pterygium Colli.

Present an excellent outcome for a rare pterygium colli reconstruction. Establish techniques that have yielded a successful aesthetic and functional outcome for a patient with pterygium colli in a procedure that lacks consensus. Surgical pearls-description of considerations for a successful reconstruction.

The effect of High-Dose Vitamin C Treatment for Acute Respiratory Failure Due to Coronavirus Disease Pneumonia on Mortality and Length of Intensive Care Stay: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objectives: In our study, we aimed to determine the effect of vitamin C on short-term mortality and length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) followed up in the ICU.

Methods: The patients who received and those who did not receive the high-dose intravenous vitamin C protocol were assigned to the treatment and control groups, respectively. The primary study findings in both groups were length of ICU stay and short-term mortality, while the secondary findings were vasopressor and invasive mechanical ventilation requirements and change in sequential organ failure assessment score from the 0 to the 96th hour.

Shear Wave Elastography in Patients with Spinal Muscular Atrophy Types 2 and 3.

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate selective muscle involvement by shear wave elastography (SWE) in patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) types 2 and 3 and to compare SWE values with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in demonstrating muscle involvement.

Methods: Seventeen patients with SMA types 2 and3 were included in the study. SWE was used to evaluate stiffness of the upper and lower extremities and paraspinal muscles.

Effect of early awake prone positioning application on prognosis in patients with acute respiratory failure due to COVID-19 pneumonia: a retrospective observational study.

Background: We evaluated the effect of early awake prone position administration on oxygenation and intubation requirements and short-term mortality in patients with acute respiratory failure due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia.

Methods: This is an observational-cohort study. Patients receiving mask oxygen therapy in our intensive care units because of acute respiratory failure due to COVID-19 pneumonia were included.

Clinically isolated syndrome and multiple sclerosis in children: a single center study.

Background And Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the differences in clinical and radiological features at the first demyelinating event in children with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods: This was a single center retrospective cohort study of the children with CIS followed-up at Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Neurology, between 2010 and 2018. Children with CIS who were assessed at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months following their first identified demyelinating event were included.

Electro-Viscoelastic Migration under Simultaneously Applied Microfluidic Pressure-Driven Flow and Electric Field.

Under the simultaneous use of pressure-driven flow and DC electric field, migration of particles inside microfluidic channels exhibits intricate focusing dynamics. Available experimental and analytical studies fall short in giving a thorough explanation to particle equilibrium states. Also, the understanding is so far limited to the results based on Newtonian and neutral viscoelastic carrier fluids.

Cucurbit[7]uril-Anchored Porphyrin-Based Multifunctional Molecular Platform for Photodynamic Antimicrobial and Cancer Therapy.

Here we report a photoactive supramolecular assembly that is multifunctional and constructed by covalently linking four receptor molecules (cucurbit[7]uril) to a porphyrin derivative with suitable linkers. While this molecular platform serves very efficiently as a light-triggered broad-spectrum antibacterial agent, owing to its negligible dark cytotoxicity and the presence of host molecules (CB7), it can also be utilized as a vehicle to carry drug molecules for a combined chemo and photodynamic cancer therapy.

Water-dispersible glycosylated poly(2,5'-thienylene)porphyrin-based nanoparticles for antibacterial photodynamic therapy.

Here we report the preparation of water-dispersible glycosylated poly(2,5'-thienylene)porphyrin based nanoparticles by a nanoprecipitation method and demonstrate the application of these nanoparticles in antibacterial photodynamic therapy. The diameter of the nanoparticles is in the range of 50-80 nm and the resulting nanoparticles are stable in water without precipitation at least for a month. They have high singlet oxygen efficiency and display light-triggered biocidal activity against both Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, E.

Efficacy of Stiripentol and the Clinical Outcome in Dravet Syndrome.

Dravet syndrome is a rare and progressive epileptic encephalopathy of infancy. Stiripentol reduces the seizure frequency in patients with Dravet syndrome. We evaluated the clinical characteristics of patients with Dravet syndrome and their response to stiripentol.

Vanishing white matter disease with a novel EIF2B5 mutation: A 10-year follow-up.

Background: Vanishing white matter disease is a heterogeneous disorder caused by mutation in one of the five genes encoding subunits of the eukaryotic initiation factor eIF2B. It is a heterogeneous disorder due to phenotypic variation and a clear genotype-phenotype correlation could not be established so far. We describe a novel mutation in the EIF2B5 gene by analyzing the clinical phenotype and the progression of brain lesions for 10 years.

Lacosamide treatment of childhood refractory focal epilepsy: the first reported side effect in paediatric patients.

Purpose: Lacosamide (LCM) is an effective antiepileptic drug (AED) approved for the treatment of focal epilepsy in both children and adults. The aim of this observational study was to review our centre's experience with LCM and to characterise its efficacy and tolerability as an adjunct therapy in children with refractory focal epilepsy.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 12 paediatric patients who underwent treatment with LCM from January 2014 to December 2015.

The influence of levetiracetam on psychosocial and behavioral functioning in children: A case-control and follow-up study.

Background: Levetiracetam, a widely used antiepileptic drug in children, has been associated with psychosocial and behavioral problems, which are also influenced by epilepsy variables, including duration or seizure frequency.

Purpose: The objective of this study is to investigate the frequency and timing of treatment-emergent psychosocial and behavioral problems in children receiving levetiracetam, irrespective of seizure variables which are possible confounders.

Methods: A prospective, case-control study with a 3-month follow-up was conducted.