Effectiveness of a COVID-19 Vaccine Rollout in a Highly Affected American Indian Community, San Carlos Apache Tribe, December 2020-February 2021.

COVID-19 has disproportionately affected American Indian Tribes, including the San Carlos Apache Tribe, which resides on 1.8 million acres in Arizona and has 16 788 official members. High vaccination rates among American Indian/Alaska Native people in the United States have been reported, but information on how individual Tribes achieved these high rates is scarce.

Development and preliminary validation of a brief household food insecurity screening tool for paediatric health services in Australia.

Children from food insecure households are more likely to have substandard food and nutritional intakes, and experience developmental delays, behaviour issues and increased use of health services. In Australia, screening for household food insecurity (HFI) within health services is not undertaken routinely, limiting opportunities to optimise nutrition and healthcare. This research aimed to (a) identify the prevalence, potential determinants and outcomes of HFI among paediatric outpatients in two Queensland hospitals; and (b) identify questions suitable for screening households at risk of HFI.

A simple nutrition screening tool to identify nutritional deterioration in long stay paediatric inpatients: The paediatric nutrition rescreening tool (PNRT).

Background And Aims: Children with extended hospital stays are at risk of nutritional deterioration making regular nutrition screening throughout their admission an integral part of the nutrition care pathway. The purpose of this study was to design and validate a simple, quick and universal weekly rescreening tool to identify hospital acquired nutritional deterioration during a child's hospital stay.

Methods: A prospective, longitudinal sample of children aged 0-16 years admitted to a paediatric tertiary hospital with a length of stay ≥7 days were included in the study.

Opinions and practices of healthcare professionals on assessment of disease associated malnutrition in children: Results from an international survey.

Background & Aims: Lack of consensus on clinical indicators for the assessment of pediatric disease associated malnutrition (DAM) may explain its under-recognition in clinical practice. This study surveyed the opinions of health professionals (HP) on clinical indicators of DAM and barriers impeding routine nutritional screening in children.

Methods: Web-based questionnaire survey (April 2013-August 2015) in Australia, Belgium, Israel, Spain, The Netherlands, Turkey and UK.

Body composition, dietary intake and physical activity of young survivors of childhood cancer.

Aim: To describe the body composition, dietary intake and physical activity and of paediatric, adolescent and young adult childhood cancer survivors (CCS) and examine the factors that impact body composition after treatment.

Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study involved 74 subjects who were at least three years post treatment. Measurements included anthropometry, whole body potassium counting, air displacement plethysmography, and three day physical activity and diet diaries.

Nutritional Assessment and Status of Hospitalized Infants.

Objectives: Malnutrition during infancy has long-term adverse consequences for both physical and psychological development. Early detection of malnutrition among hospitalized infants is essential to provide optimal nutrition support. The primary aim of the present study was to investigate the nutritional status of hospitalized infants using 2 methods: the Subjective Global Nutritional Assessment (SGNA) and anthropometric measurement.

Nutritional status of children with clinical conditions.

Background & Aims: Nutritional status is an important consideration in many pediatric clinical conditions. This paper aimed to examine and compare the nutritional status, represented by body cell mass (BCM), of children with cancer, Crohn's disease (CD), cystic fibrosis (CF) and anorexia nervosa (AN).

Methods: Anthropometry was measured and BCM was calculated from whole body potassium-40 counting in 259 children being treated for clinical conditions (n = 66 cancer; n = 59 AN; n = 75 CF; n = 59 CD) and 108 healthy children.

Exploring Motivations, Awareness of Side Effects, and Attitudes among Potential Egg Donors.

This research study surveyed prospective egg donors at orientation to (a) understand women's motivations to donate eggs, (b) assess awareness and knowledge of egg donation prior to entry into the egg donation program, and (c) explore attitudes toward egg donation. Ninety-two women completed the questionnaire at one fertility clinic located in the Midwest between August 2011 and August 2012. Descriptive and inferential statistics as well as textual analysis were used to analyze the data.

Body composition of children with cancer during treatment and in survivorship.

Background: Malnutrition as assessed with the use of body-composition measurements is a poorly understood short- and long-term complication of childhood cancer.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the body composition of 2 childhood cancer cohorts as follows: 1) children currently undergoing cancer treatment and 2) childhood cancer survivors. We also aimed to compare the prevalence of obesity and undernutrition between the cancer groups and investigate the impact of cancer type on body composition.

Evaluation of the nutrition screening tool for childhood cancer (SCAN).

Background & Aims: Malnutrition is a serious concern for children with cancer and nutrition screening may offer a simple alternative to nutrition assessment for identifying children with cancer who are at risk of malnutrition. The present paper aimed to evaluate the nutrition screening tool for childhood cancer (SCAN).

Methods: SCAN was developed after an extensive review of currently available tools and published screening recommendation, consideration of pediatric oncology nutrition guidelines, piloting questions, and consulting with members of International Pediatric Oncology Nutrition Group.

Prevalence of malnutrition, obesity and nutritional risk of Australian paediatric inpatients: a national one-day snapshot.

Aim: Low prevalence rates of malnutrition at 2.5% to 4% have previously been reported in two tertiary paediatric Australian hospitals. The current study is the first to measure the prevalence of malnutrition, obesity and nutritional risk of paediatric inpatients in multiple hospitals throughout Australia.

Simple Nutrition Screening Tool for Pediatric Inpatients.

Background: Pediatric nutrition risk screening tools are not routinely implemented throughout many hospitals, despite prevalence studies demonstrating malnutrition is common in hospitalized children. Existing tools lack the simplicity of those used to assess nutrition risk in the adult population. This study reports the accuracy of a new, quick, and simple pediatric nutrition screening tool (PNST) designed to be used for pediatric inpatients.

Correlation between nutrition assessment data and percent body fat via plethysmography in pediatric oncology patients.

Background: Routine nutrition assessment is a core part of the nutrition management of the pediatric oncology population. The aims of this study were to build on the findings of a previous study to investigate the relationship between nutrition assessment variables and percent body fat (%BF) and to produce an equation to predict %BF in the pediatric oncology population.

Methods: The nutrition status assessment criteria for comparison with %BF measures were adapted with permission from the St Jude Children's Research Hospital nutrition screening system, Department of Clinical Nutrition.

Body composition of children with cancer.

Background: Nutritional status, as represented by body composition, is an important consideration in the treatment of pediatric cancer patients because it is linked to poor outcomes. Little is known about how a child's body composition responds to cancer and treatment.

Objectives: We aimed to compare the body composition of children undergoing treatment of cancer with that of healthy controls and to compare body composition between children with hematologic malignancies and children with solid tumors.

The validity of simple methods to detect poor nutritional status in paediatric oncology patients.

Poor nutritional status is a major concern for children being treated for an oncology condition. It is vital for optimal prognosis that nutritional concerns are recognised and treated promptly. The majority of oncology treatment centres only use simple methods to screen for poor nutritional status; however, it is unknown whether these simple methods accurately recognise poor nutritional status.

Validation of percent body fat indicators in pediatric oncology nutrition assessment.

Background: Given the high prevalence of malnutrition and potential impact nutritional status can have on a child undergoing treatment for cancer, it is vital that oncology centers regularly assess nutritional status. It is important that simple noninvasive anthropometric nutrition assessment measures correlate to more accurate body composition measures.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between anthropometric measures and percent body fat determined via air displacement plethysmography in the children being treated in a pediatric oncology and hematology department.

Enteral nutrition and bone marrow transplantation.

This retrospective study evaluated the efficacy of enteral nutrition for pediatric patients undergoing the challenging treatment of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. During the period from January 1999 to May 2000, 15 patients were transplant recipients. On admission to the hospital, 87% of patients were above the 50th percentile for weight for age.