Early Emergence of Rumination has no Association with Performance on a Non-affective Inhibitory Control Task.

Rumination is a vulnerability for depression and potentially linked to inhibitory control weaknesses. We aimed to replicate the association observed in adults between inhibitory control and rumination in adolescents, and to examine putative moderating roles of childhood maltreatment and perceived family cohesion in an adolescent sample at risk for depression due to familial/personal history. Ninety adolescents aged 11-17 (M = 14.

Relations of gray matter volume to dimensional measures of cognition and affect in mood disorders.

Understanding the relationship between brain measurements and behavioral performance is an important step in developing approaches for early identification of any psychiatric difficulties and interventions to modify these challenges. Conventional methods to identify associations between regional brain volume and behavioral measures are not optimized, either in scale, scope, or specificity. To find meaningful associations between brain and behavior with greater sensitivity and precision, we applied data-driven factor analytic models to identify and extract individual differences in latent cognitive functions embedded across several computerized cognitive tasks.

Increased sensitivity of insula to supraliminal faces in adults with histories of mood disorders and self-injury.

Background: Mood disorders are associated with neurobiological disruptions in subliminal and supraliminal emotion processing. There may be additional variation based on sex and the presence of self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITBs). Examining individuals in remission allows us to understand trait-like emotion processing characteristics that persist in the absence of symptoms.

Structural and Functional Neural Correlates of Treatment Response for Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Depressed Adolescents.

Precision medicine approaches hold tremendous promise to advance current clinical practice by providing information about which individuals will benefit from which treatments. This pilot study evaluated if baseline structure and function of the salience and emotion brain regions implicated in adolescent depression, specifically the amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), predict response to Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Depressed Adolescents (IPT-A). Adolescents ( = 15; mean age = 14.

Self-Injury in Adolescence Is Associated with Greater Behavioral Risk Avoidance, Not Risk-Taking.

Strategies to link impulsivity and self-injurious behaviors (SIBs) show highly variable results, and may differ depending on the impulsivity measure used. To better understand this lack of consistency, we investigated correlations between self-report and behavioral impulsivity, inhibitory control, SIBs, and rumination. We included participants aged 13-17 years with either current or remitted psychopathology who have ( = 31) and who do not have ( = 14) a history of SIBs.

Effect of SSRIs on Resting-State Functional Brain Networks in Adolescents with Major Depressive Disorder.

Investigation of brain changes in functional connectivity and functional network topology from receiving 8-week selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatments is conducted in 12 unmedicated adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) by using wavelet-filtered resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Changes are observed in frontal-limbic, temporal, and default mode networks. In particular, topological analysis shows, at the global scale and in the 0.

Coordination between frontolimbic resting state connectivity and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning in adolescents with and without depression.

Depression is associated with abnormalities in Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis functioning and neural circuitry that underlie the stress response. Resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) between frontolimbic brain regions captures intrinsic connections that may set the stage for the rallying and regulating of the HPA axis system. This study examined the association between cortisol stress response and frontolimbic (amygdala and ventral and dorsal medial prefrontal cortex [vmPFC and dmPFC respectively]) RSFC in 88 (Age: M = 15.

Cortical thickness and resting-state cardiac function across the lifespan: A cross-sectional pooled mega-analysis.

Understanding the association between autonomic nervous system [ANS] function and brain morphology across the lifespan provides important insights into neurovisceral mechanisms underlying health and disease. Resting-state ANS activity, indexed by measures of heart rate [HR] and its variability [HRV] has been associated with brain morphology, particularly cortical thickness [CT]. While findings have been mixed regarding the anatomical distribution and direction of the associations, these inconsistencies may be due to sex and age differences in HR/HRV and CT.

White matter disturbances in major depressive disorder: a coordinated analysis across 20 international cohorts in the ENIGMA MDD working group.

Alterations in white matter (WM) microstructure have been implicated in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, previous findings have been inconsistent, partially due to low statistical power and the heterogeneity of depression. In the largest multi-site study to date, we examined WM anisotropy and diffusivity in 1305 MDD patients and 1602 healthy controls (age range 12-88 years) from 20 samples worldwide, which included both adults and adolescents, within the MDD Working Group of the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) consortium.

No Alterations of Brain Structural Asymmetry in Major Depressive Disorder: An ENIGMA Consortium Analysis.

Objective: Asymmetry is a subtle but pervasive aspect of the human brain, and it may be altered in several psychiatric conditions. MRI studies have shown subtle differences of brain anatomy between people with major depressive disorder and healthy control subjects, but few studies have specifically examined brain anatomical asymmetry in relation to this disorder, and results from those studies have remained inconclusive. At the functional level, some electroencephalography studies have indicated left fronto-cortical hypoactivity and right parietal hypoactivity in depressive disorders, so aspects of lateralized anatomy may also be affected.

Neurocircuitry associated with symptom dimensions at baseline and with change in borderline personality disorder.

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a serious illness associated with chronic suffering and self-injurious behavior. Parsing the relationships between specific symptom domains and their underlying biological mechanisms may help us further understand the neural circuits implicated in these symptoms and how they might be amenable to change with treatment. This study examines the association between symptom dimensions (Affective Disturbance, Cognitive Disturbance, Disturbed Relationships, and Impulsivity) and amygdala resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) in a sample of adults with BPD (n = 18).

White matter microstructure relates to lassitude but not diagnosis in adolescents with depression.

The neurobiology of adolescent depression remains poorly understood. Initial studies suggested impaired white matter microstructure in adults and adolescents, but findings have not been consistent. Challenges in this literature have included small samples, medication confounds and inconsistent correction for type I error.

Increases in orbitofrontal cortex thickness following antidepressant treatment are associated with changes in resting state autonomic function in adolescents with major depression - Preliminary findings from a pilot study.

In adults with major depressive disorder (MDD), effective treatment has been associated with increases in both heart rate variability (HRV) and cortical thickness. However, the impact of treatment on these indices has not yet been examined in adolescents. Cortical thickness and HRV were measured in twelve adolescents with MDD before and after 8 weeks of treatment with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI).

Intravenous Ketamine for Adolescents with Treatment-Resistant Depression: An Open-Label Study.

Background: Novel interventions for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) in adolescents are urgently needed. Ketamine has been studied in adults with TRD, but little information is available for adolescents. This study investigated efficacy and tolerability of intravenous ketamine in adolescents with TRD, and explored clinical response predictors.

Brain structural thickness and resting state autonomic function in adolescents with major depression.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) has been associated with abnormalities in cortical thickness and autonomic function. Adolescence is a time notable for brain development and MDD onset. In healthy adolescents, greater resting state vagal activity (RVA) is associated with lower cortical thickness.

Neural and neuroendocrine predictors of pharmacological treatment response in adolescents with depression: A preliminary study.

Objective: Typically, about 30 to 50% of adolescents with depression fail to respond to evidence-based treatments, including antidepressant medications such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Efforts for identifying predictors and moderators of treatment response are needed to begin to address critical questions relevant to personalized care in adolescent depression. In this pilot study, we aim to identify biological predictors of response to antidepressant treatment.