Mapping of the functional anatomy of lymphatic drainage to the axilla in early breast cancer: A cohort study of 933 cases.

Introduction: The aims of this study were to investigate the correlation between lymphatic drainage and the sentinel lymph node (SLN) status of the subregions in the context of the clinic-pathological parameters of the tumour and the coverage of the axillary volumes by standard and high tangential fields (STgF and HTgF) for whole breast radiotherapy and axillary reverse mapping (ARM).

Patients And Methods: 933 women with early breast cancer and clinically negative axillary status underwent breast surgery and SLN biopsy followed by axillary lymph node dissection in SLN-positive cases. The subregional localisation of the SLN(s) was registered and statistically analysed with the clinic-pathological characteristics of the breast tumour.

[Combined presentation of autoimmune thyroiditis, bilateral papillary thyroid carcinoma, cervical thyrolipoma and diabetes mellitus].

Thyrolipoma or thyroid adenolipoma is an extremely rare form of thyroid adenoma, which also contains mature adipose tissue and follicles covered with fibrous capsule. We present the case of the growing cervical lesion of a 52-year-old female with diabetes, which was removed during total thyreoidectomy. Autoimmune thyroiditis, bilateral papillary carcinoma and cervical thyrolipoma have been identified by the histopathological examination of the thyroid gland.

[Sentinel lymph node biopsy in pregnancy-associated breast cancer].

The incidence of pregnancy-associated breast cancer is rising. Sentinel lymph node biopsy is the method of choice in clinically node negative cases as the indicated minimally invasive regional staging procedure. Some reports have linked radioisotope and blue dye required for lymphatic mapping to teratogenic effects, the idea of which has become a generalized statement and, until recently, contraindication for these agents was considered during pregnancy.