Synthetic vitreous fibers (SVFs): adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) and considerations for next generation new approach methods (NAMs).

Fiber dimension, durability/dissolution, and biopersistence are critical factors for the risk of fibrogenesis and carcinogenesis. In the modern era, to reduce, refine, and replace animals in toxicology research, the application of test methods is paramount for hazard evaluation and designing synthetic vitreous fibers (SVFs) for safe use. The objectives of this review are to: (1) summarize the international frameworks and acceptability criteria for implementation of new approach methods (NAMs), (2) evaluate the adverse outcome pathways (AOPs), key events (KEs), and key event relationships (KERs) for fiber-induced fibrogenesis and carcinogenesis in accordance with Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guidelines, (3) consider existing and emerging technologies for and toxicity testing for the respiratory system and the ability to predict effects , (4) outline a recommended testing strategy for evaluating the hazard and safety of novel SVFs, and (5) reflect on methods needs for correlation (IVIVC) and predictive approaches for safety assessment of new SVFs.

Assessing potential human health and ecological implications of PFAS from leave-in dental products.

Contaminated water and food are the main sources of documented per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure in humans. However, other sources may contribute to the overall PFAS intake. While several studies documented the presence of PFAS in consumer products, PFAS evaluation in dental products has been limited to floss and tape to date.

Evaluation of chemicals leached from PET and recycled PET containers into beverages.

The use of recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET) containers, a recent shift in the beverage industry, poses new potential human health concerns including contamination from the original container; use of additives, detergents, and catalysts during recycling; and improper recycling practices. The purpose of this analysis was to evaluate available data regarding: (1) chemicals leached from PET and rPET in bottle form; (2) concentration of these chemicals; and (3) trends between rPET percent and concentration of chemicals leached. This analysis identified 211 scientific articles related to recycled plastic and leachables.

Risk characterisation of milk protein contamination in milk-alternative ice cream products sold as frozen desserts in the United States.

Milk protein is recognised as one of the eight most common food allergens in the United States, and one of the most common causes of fatal or near-fatal food-induced anaphylactic reactions globally. Undeclared allergens in food products are the leading cause of the U.S.