Developmental changes of the fetal and neonatal thyroid gland and functional consequences on the cardiovascular system.

Thyroid hormones play an important role in the development and function of the cardiac myocyte. Dysregulation of the thyroid hormone milieu affects the fetal cardiac cells via complex molecular mechanisms, either by altering gene expression or directly by affecting post-translational processes. This review offers a comprehensive summary of the effects of thyroid hormones on the developing cardiovascular system and its adaptation.

Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation: rationalizing medical management of neonatal heart failure.

Neonates who present in high output heart failure secondary to vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation can be difficult to manage medically due to the complex physiology that results from the large shunt through the malformation. Though the cardiac function is often normal, right ventricular dilation, severe pulmonary hypertension, and systemic steal can result in inadequate organ perfusion and shock. This report recommends medical management for stabilization of neonates prior to definitive management with endovascular embolization.

Rapid Cycle Deliberate Practice Versus Reflective Debriefing for Pediatric Septic Shock Training.

Objectives: Rapid cycle deliberate practice is a simulation training method that cycles between deliberate practice and directed feedback to create perfect practice; in contrast to reflective debriefing where learners are asked to reflect on their performance to create change. The aim of this study is to compare the impact of rapid cycle deliberate practice versus reflective debriefing training on resident application and retention of the pediatric sepsis algorithm.

Design: Prospective, randomized-control study.

Reintervention Is Associated With Improved Survival in Pediatric Patients With Pulmonary Vein Stenosis.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate survival following catheter intervention in pediatric patients with pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS).

Background: Despite aggressive surgical and catheter intervention on PVS in children, recurrence and progression of stenosis can lead to right heart failure and death. Clinicians continue to seek effective treatment options for PVS.