Hemostatic efficacy of two topical adjunctive hemostats in a porcine spleen biopsy punch model of moderate bleeding.

Topical hemostatic agents have become essential tools to aid in preventing excessive bleeding in surgical or emergency settings and to mitigate the associated risks of serious complications. In the present study, we compared the hemostatic efficacy of SURGIFLO Hemostatic Matrix Kit with Thrombin (Surgiflo-flowable gelatin matrix plus human thrombin) to HEMOBLAST™ Bellows Hemostatic Agent (Hemoblast-a combination product consisting of collagen, chondroitin sulfate, and human thrombin). Surgiflo and Hemoblast were randomly tested in experimentally induced bleeding lesions on the spleens of four pigs.

Evaluation of the Hemostatic Efficacy of Two Powdered Topical Absorbable Hemostats Using a Porcine Liver Abrasion Model of Mild to Moderate Bleeding.

Introduction: Topical hemostatic agents, used alone or in combination, have become common adjuncts to manage tissue and organ bleeding resulting from trauma and surgical procedures. Oxidized regenerated cellulose (ORC) is one of the most commonly used adjunctive hemostatic agents. The aim of the present study was to compare the hemostatic efficacy of a novel ORC-based product, SURGICEL® Powder Absorbable Hemostat (Surgicel-P) to that of HEMOBLAST™ Bellows (Hemoblast-B), a collagen-based combination powder.

Preclinical evaluation of the effect of the combined use of the Ethicon Securestrap Open Absorbable Strap Fixation Device and Ethicon Physiomesh™ Open Flexible Composite Mesh Device on surgeon stress during ventral hernia repair.

Aim: To evaluate whether performing ventral hernia repairs using the Ethicon Physiomesh™ Open Flexible Composite Mesh Device in conjunction with the Ethicon Securestrap Open Absorbable Strap Fixation Device reduces surgical time and surgeon stress levels, compared with traditional surgical repair methods.

Methods: To repair a simulated ventral incisional hernia, two surgeries were performed by eight experienced surgeons using a live porcine model. One procedure involved traditional suture methods and a flat mesh, and the other procedure involved a mechanical fixation device and a skirted flexible composite mesh.

An in vivo comparison of the efficacy of hemostatic powders, using two porcine bleeding models.

Background: Usage of topical hemostatic agents in surgery is increasing, including use during minimally invasive procedures, and even for surgeries that have a low risk of bleeding complications. A novel product, Surgicel Powder - Absorbable Hemostatic Powder (SP), made from oxidized regenerated cellulose (ORC) fabric, has been developed for adjunctive use in surgical procedures to assist in control of oozing bleeding over broad areas and where access could be difficult with a fabric ORC product. This study compares the new SP to other commercially available hemostatic powder products in two in vivo models.

Results of computed tomography in horses with ethmoid hematoma: 16 cases (1993-2005).

Objective: To determine whether CT provides unique information about the treatment or prognosis for horses with ethmoid hematoma (EH).

Design: Retrospective case series.

Animals: 16 horses with EH.

Use of zoledronate for treatment of a bone fragility disorder in horses.

Objective: To assess clinical outcomes and scintigraphic findings in horses with a bone fragility disorder (BFD) treated with zoledronate (a nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate).

Design: Prospective uncontrolled clinical trial.

Animals: 10 horses with evidence of a BFD.

Mass spectral measurements of the apoHDL in horse (Equus caballus) cerebrospinal fluid.

As a continuation of our proteogenomic studies of equine apolipoproteins, we have obtained molecular masses for several of the apolipoproteins associated with the HDL in horse cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Using electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), we report on values for apolipoproteins, A-I and A-II, as well as acylated apoA-I. In comparison with our previously published data on equine plasma apolipoproteins, there appears to be a higher percentage of acylated apoA-I in the CSF than in plasma.

Effects of intravenous administration of pirfenidone on horses with experimentally induced endotoxemia.

Objective: To characterize effects of IV administration of pirfenidone on clinical, biochemical, and hematologic variables and circulating tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha concentrations in horses after infusion of a low dose of endotoxin.

Animals: 18 healthy adult horses.

Procedures: Horses were randomly assigned to 3 groups (n = 6 horses/group) and administered an IV infusion of 30 ng of endotoxin/kg or saline (0.

Mass spectral analysis of the apolipoproteins on dog (Canis lupus familiaris) high density lipoproteins. Detection of apolipoprotein A-II.

In a recent study, we reported the detection of apoA-II associated with the plasma high density lipoproteins of pigs that were previously thought to lack or to have this apolipoprotein in trace amounts. Dogs have also been reported to lack this apolipoprotein; however, genomic data have revealed that the gene for apoA-II is present on chromosome 38. Prompted by this finding, we have carried out detailed mass spectral measurements on dog apo HDL.

Pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of pirfenidone administered intravenously in horses.

Objective: To characterize the plasma pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of pirfenidone administered IV in healthy horses.

Animals: 6 adult horses.

Procedures: A 15 mg/kg dose of pirfenidone was administered IV over 5 minutes.

Mass spectral analysis of domestic and wild equine apoA-I and A-II: detection of unique dimeric forms of apoA-II.

In pigs, humans, chimpanzees and probably other great apes, a cysteine at residue 6 enables apolipoprotein A-II to form a homodimer. However, the apoA-IIs of other primates, lacking a cysteine residue, are monomeric. We have already reported that horse apoA-IIs form homodimers due also to a cysteine at residue 6.

Evaluation of hyaluronidase activity in equine and bovine sera and equine synovial fluid samples by use of enzyme zymography.

Objective: To investigate the activities of hyaluronidases in equine sera and synovial fluid samples and sera from fetal and adult bovids and evaluate the extent to which the degradation of hyaluronan is influenced by chondrocytes.

Sample Population: Commercial and noncommercial samples of equine (n = 6) and bovine (6) sera and 16 synovial fluid samples from horses.

Procedure: Hyaluronidase activities in sera and synovial fluid samples were assessed via enzyme zymography (performed at pH 4, 5, 6, or 7).

Inhibition of adenosine kinase attenuates interleukin-1- and lipopolysaccharide-induced alterations in articular cartilage metabolism.

Objective: To investigate the effect of adenosine kinase inhibition on interleukin (IL)-1beta- and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cartilage damage.

Design: Articular cartilage was obtained from the metacarpophalangeal joints of 10 young adult horses. Following a stabilization period, weighed cartilage explants were exposed to IL-1beta (10 ng/ml) or LPS (50 microg/ml) to induce cartilage degradation.

Comparison of 4 blood storage methods in a protocol for equine pre-operative autologous donation.

Objective: To compare viability of equine whole blood stored by 4 different methods, and to establish optimal storage protocols for an equine autologous blood donation program.

Study Design: In vitro study of stored equine whole blood. Animals- Six healthy adult horses.

Sequence of horse (Equus caballus) apoA-II. Another example of a dimer forming apolipoprotein.

Apolipoprotein A-II, the second major apolipoprotein of human HDL, also has been observed in a variety of mammals; however, it is either present in trace amounts or absent in other mammals. In humans and chimpanzee, and probably in other great apes, apoA-II with a cysteine at residue 6 is able to form a homodimer. In other primates as well as other mammals, apoA-II, lacking a cysteine residue, is monomeric.

Evaluation of a technique for collection of cancellous bone graft from the proximal humerus in horses.

Objectives: To describe a technique for collecting cancellous bone graft from the proximal humerus in horses.

Study Design: Prospective evaluation of an experimental bone graft collection technique.

Animal Population: Eight horses, 3-15 years, weighing 495-605 kg.

Biomechanical investigation of the association between suspensory ligament injury and lateral condylar fracture in thoroughbred racehorses.

Objective-To determine whether partial transection of the medial branch of the suspensory ligament (MBSL) alters equine third metacarpal bone (MC3) condylar surface strains and forelimb, distal joint angles in a manner consistent with promotion of lateral condylar fracture. Study Design-In vitro biomechanical experiment. Sample Population-Right forelimbs from 7 Thoroughbred horse cadavers.

Influence of topically applied cold treatment on core temperature and cell viability in equine superficial digital flexor tendons.

Objective: To determine rate and degree of cooling for the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) during a standard cryotherapy application in horses and evaluate in vitro effects of cooling on survival of tendon cells.

Sample Population: 6 limbs of 5 adult horses and cultured cells obtained from SDFT of 3 adult horses during necropsy.

Procedure: In vivo data were acquired by use of a thermocouple temperature probe inserted into the SDFT of a forelimb of each standing sedated horse.

Effects of an adenosine kinase inhibitor and an adenosine deaminase inhibitor on accumulation of extracellular adenosine by equine articular chondrocytes.

Objective: To investigate accumulation of extracellular adenosine (ADO) by equine articular chondrocytes and to compare effects of adenosine kinase inhibition and adenosine deaminase inhibition on the amount of nitric oxide (NO) produced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated chondrocytes.

Sample Population: Articular cartilage from metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints of 14 horses.

Procedure: Chondrocytes were cultured as monolayers, and cells were incubated with LPS, the adenosine kinase inhibitor 5'-iodotubercidin (ITU), or the adenosine deaminase inhibitor erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine hydrochloride (EHNA).

Characterization of lipoproteins in cerebrospinal fluid of mares during pregnancy and lactation.

Objective: To measure apolipoproteins in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from healthy mares and to determine whether CSF concentrations of apolipoproteins change during pregnancy and lactation.

Animals: 5 healthy pregnant mares.

Procedure: 2 sets of CSF samples were obtained; initial samples were obtained 10 to 30 days before parturition (mean, 18 days; median, 17 days), and second samples were obtained 19 to 26 days after parturition (mean, 23 days; median, 23 days).

Ultrasonographic and histologic evaluation of medial and middle patellar ligaments in exercised horses following injection with ethanolamine oleate and 2% iodine in almond oil.

Objective: To describe the ultrasonographic and quantitative histologic effect of injecting 2% iodine in almond oil (IAO) and ethanolamine oleate (EO) in the medial and middle patellar ligaments of horses and to determine whether a difference in response exists between IAO and EO treatment.

Animals: 10 healthy horses.

Procedure: In 5 horses, the medial and middle patellar ligaments of 1 limb were injected with EO, whereas IAO was injected in the medial and middle patellar ligaments of another 5 horses.

Comparison of intraosseous or intravenous infusion for delivery of amikacin sulfate to the tibiotarsal joint of horses.

Objective: To establish the route of infusion (IV or intraosseous) that results in the highest concentration of amikacin in the synovial fluid of the tibiotarsal joint and determine the duration of peak concentrations.

Animals: 21 horses.

Procedure: Regional perfusion of a limb on 15 horses was performed.

Effects of adenosine on bacterial lipopolysaccharide- and interleukin 1-induced nitric oxide release from equine articular chondrocytes.

Objective: To determine whether adenosine influences the in vitro release of nitric oxide (NO) from differentiated primary equine articular chondrocytes.

Sample Population: Articular cartilage harvested from the metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints of 11 horses (3 to 11 years old) without history or clinical signs of joint disease.

Procedure: Chondrocytes were isolated, plated at a high density (10(5) cells/well), and treated with adenosine, the adenosine receptor agonist 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA), bradykinin, or other agents that modify secondary messenger pathways alone or in combination with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or recombinant human interleukin-1alpha (rhIL-1alpha).