Ranking Single Fluorescent Protein-Based Calcium Biosensor Performance by Molecular Dynamics Simulations.

Genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors (GEFBs) have become indispensable tools for visualizing biological processes A typical GEFB is composed of a sensory domain (SD) that undergoes a conformational change upon ligand binding or enzymatic reaction; the SD is genetically fused with a fluorescent protein (FP). The changes in the SD allosterically modulate the chromophore environment whose spectral properties are changed. Single fluorescent (FP)-based biosensors, a subclass of GEFBs, offer a simple experimental setup; they are easy to produce in living cells, structurally stable, and simple to use due to their single-wavelength operation.

Allosteric modulation of fluorescence revealed by hydrogen bond dynamics in a genetically encoded maltose biosensor.

Genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors (GEFBs) proved to be reliable tracers for many metabolites and cellular processes. In the simplest case, a fluorescent protein (FP) is genetically fused to a sensing protein which undergoes a conformational change upon ligand binding. This drives a rearrangement in the chromophore environment and changes the spectral properties of the FP.

Structural and Functional Analysis of CEX Fractions Collected from a Novel Avastin Biosimilar Candidate and Its Innovator: A Comparative Study.

Avastin is a humanized recombinant monoclonal antibody used to treat cancer by targeting VEGF-A to inhibit angiogenesis. SIMAB054, an Avastin biosimilar candidate developed in this study, showed a different charge variant profile than its innovator. Thus, it is fractionated into acidic, main, and basic isoforms and collected physically by Cation Exchange Chromatography (CEX) for a comprehensive structural and functional analysis.

Nanobodies as molecular imaging probes.

Camelidae derived single-domain antibodies (sdAbs), commonly known as nanobodies (Nbs), are the smallest antibody fragments with full antigen-binding capacity. Owing to their desirable properties such as small size, high specificity, strong affinity, excellent stability, and modularity, nanobodies are on their way to overtake conventional antibodies in terms of popularity. To date, a broad range of nanobodies have been generated against different molecular targets with applications spanning basic research, diagnostics, and therapeutics.