Immune checkpoint status and exhaustion-related phenotypes of CD8 T cells from the tumor-draining regional lymph nodes in breast cancer.

Background: Functional status of T cells determines the responsiveness of cancer patients to immunotherapeutic interventions. Even though T cell-mediated immunity is inaugurated in the tumor-adjacent lymph nodes, peripheral blood has been routinely sampled for testing the immunological assays. The purpose of this study is to determine the immune checkpoint molecule expression and the exhaustion-related phenotype of cytotoxic T cells in the regional lymph nodes from breast cancer patients.

3D printed hydrogel scaffold promotes the formation of hormone-active engineered parathyroid tissue.

The parathyroid glands are localized at the back of the thyroid glands in the cervical region and are responsible for regulation of the calcium level in the blood, through specialized cells that sense Caand secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH) in response to a decline in its serum level. PTH stimulates the skeleton, kidneys and intestines and controls the level of Cathrough specialized activities. Iatrogenic removal of the parathyroid gland, as well as damage to its vascular integrity during cauterization are some of the common complications of thyroid surgery.

Effect of Extractum cepae, heparin sodium and allantoin combination (Contractubex) on adhesion and fibrosis after neck surgery (thyroidectomy) in rats.

Objective: Reoperative thyroid surgery is technically difficult process with increased complications due to the adhesions and fibrosis caused by the previous surgery. In this experimental animal model, we planned to investigate the effect of Contracttubex, a mixture of Extractum cepae, Heparin sodium and Allantoin, on adhesion and fibrosis after neck surgery (thyroidectomy).

Methods: The current study is an experimental animal model of post-thyroidectomy adhesion.

Successful use of minimal invasive debridement plus negative pressure wound therapy under skin flap and axillary region for refractory postmastectomy seroma: A STROBE-compliant retrospective study.

Seroma is the most common wound complication due to dead space remaining after mastectomy and axillary dissection. Seroma formation, which causes pain and tension, together with the limitations of shoulder and arm movements, can cause wound healing problems that can progress to wound dehiscence and flap necrosis. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of continuous drainage and negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) in breast cancer patients with refractory postmastectomy seroma.

Effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on rats with post-operative ileus.

Background: Post-operative ileus (POI) is a type of bowel dismotility causing accumulation of gas and fluid. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) has been frequently used for medical applications such as pain treatment and nervous stimulation. In this experimental animal model of POI, our aim is to investigate the effects of TENS on POI, and to demonstrate histopathological changes in rat intestine after TENS application.

Primary necrotizing fasciitis of the breast. Case series with 5 patients.

Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is an aggressive, necrotic, life-threatening infection of the soft tissues. The delay on treatment is generally accompanied by almost 90 % lethality according to the development of septic shock and its associated complications. Primary Necrotizing Fasciitis of the Breast (PNFB) is seen extremely rare.

The use of autologous epidermal grafts for diabetic foot ulcer emergencies: A clinical study.

Background: There are various surgical and invasive treatment systems such as conservative skin grafts and autologous epider-mal grafting (AEG) for diabetic foot ulcers. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of using a novel epidermal graft harvesting system in diabetic foot ulcer emergencies.

Methods: A retrospective clinical study was conducted with 15 diabetic foot ulcer patients, and after written and signed consent forms were taken, AEG system was applied to all patients.

The Correlation of Intraabdominal Pressure With Renal Resistive Index.

Background: To evaluate the correlation between intraabdominal pressure (IAP) measured via the bladder and renal resistive index (RRI) measured by Doppler ultrasonography (USG).

Methods: Eighty consecutive surgical patients were included into this study. Before Doppler USG evaluation, IAP was measured by a Foley catheter via the bladder.

New Findings on Autoimmune Etiology of Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis: Serum IL-17, IL-22 and IL-23 Levels of Patients.

Background: Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis (IGM) is a benign chronic inflammatory breast disease that mimics breast cancer, and the etiopathogenesis has not yet been fully evaluated. Autoimmunity has received the most focus as a possible etiology. Our aim in this prospective clinical study was to investigate the possible association between the cytokines, interleukin IL-17, IL-22, IL-23 and IGM.

Role of Intraoperative Nerve Monitoring in Postoperative Muscle and Nerve Function of Patients Undergoing Modified Radical Mastectomy.

This study aimed to postoperatively evaluate the effects of intraoperative neural monitoring (IONM) on muscles and nerves in patients who underwent modified radical mastectomy (MRM). In the 11 patients included in the study, nerves were determined and protected by nerve monitoring during the axillary dissection (IONM group). In another 11 patients, nerve monitoring was not performed; however, protection of the same nerves was attempted through careful nerve dissection (cautious nerve dissection [CND] group).

Correlation of pelvic fractures and associated injuries: An analysis of 471 pelvic trauma patients.

Background: In most respects, the vast majority of pelvic injuries is not of a life-threatening status, but co-presence of other injuries needs to be diagnosed. This study aims to evaluate associated pelvic and extra-pelvic visceral organ injuries of the patients with closed pelvic fractures.

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted with 471 adult patients who had been admitted to our Emergency Service with the diagnosis of pelvic fractures.

Spontaneous perforation of pyometra: A rare cause of acute abdomen and sepsis.

Pyometra, the accumulation of purulent material in the uterine cavity, is a rare gynecological condition whose etiology is impaired drainage of the uterine cavity. It is uncommon in premenopausal age and occurs mainly in older and postmenopausal women. Clinical signs of pyometra are vaginal discharge, postmenopausal bleeding, and lower abdominal pain.

CT-guided tractography is a safe and complementary diagnostic tool in the management of penetrating abdominal trauma.

Background/objective: Despite extensive published research, the surgical approach to penetrating abdominal trauma patients is still under debate. Computed tomography-guided tractography (CTT) is an imaging modality in which water soluble iodinated contrast medium is administered into the site of the injury in the CT unit. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of the CTT.

Mortality determiners for fall from height cases.

Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of body mass index (BMI) and trauma severity score systems on the mortality rates of patients undergoing surgery due to falls from height.

Methods: This retrospective study included 45 consecutive adult patients with multitrauma who were admitted and operated on due to a fall from height between January 2008 and December 2016. Patients were divided into mortality and recovery groups (n=10 and n=35, respectively).

The effect of lateral pectoral nerve sparing technique and radiotherapy on the pectoralis major muscle applied with modified radical mastectomy.

Background/objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate with electromyography (EMG) the effect of lateral pectoral nerve sparing technique (LPNST) and radiotherapy (RT) on the lateral pectoral nerve (LPN) in patients applied with modified radical mastectomy (MRM).

Methods: The study included 66 patients who underwent MRM surgery. The patients were separated into 2 groups as those applied with LPNST and those who underwent standard surgery (Control group).

Evaluation of Clinical Alvarado Scoring System and CT Criteria in the Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis.

Aim. The aim was to evaluate the clinical Alvarado scoring system and computed tomography (CT) criteria for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Material and Methods.

An evaluation of treatment results of emergency versus elective surgery in colorectal cancer patients.

Objective: Colorectal cancer is still one of the most common causes of cancer related deaths in the world despite improvements in diagnosis and treatment modalities, and application of community-based screening methods. Symptoms of colorectal cancer are non-specific and usually manifest following local progression. A number of patients with advanced stage colorectal cancer present to emergency departments with obstruction as the first sign of disease without any previous symptoms.

Effects of pretreatment with esmolol and lidocaine on injection pain and rocuronium-induced withdrawal response.

Background/aim: We aimed to compare the effectiveness of esmolol 1 mg/kg and lidocaine 1 mg/kg for injection pain and for the prevention of rocuronium-induced withdrawal response.

Materials And Methods: We enrolled a total of 81 patients in the study. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either 10 mL of 0.

[The effect of clinical, laboratory and radiologic results on treatment decision and surgical results in patients admitted to the emergency department with blunt abdominal trauma due to traffic accident].

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of clinical, laboratory and radiological results on treatment decision and surgical results in patients with blunt abdominal trauma, who were admitted to the emergency department due to traffic accident.

Methods: Two hundred and twenty-two patients with blunt abdominal trauma were included into this retrospective study. Pearson chi square, Mann-Whitney U test and logistic regression methods were used for statistical analysis.

Cystic schwannoma of the axillary region: imaging findings of a rare disease. Case report.

Schwannomas are well capsulated, benign, and slowly growing tumors which originate from Schwann cells of peripheral nerve sheath. The incidence of schwannomanas in the axillary region is not common. This rarity causes misdiagnosis at the radiological evaluation.

The effect of relaparotomy timing on wound healing in an animal model.

Background: The effect of the timing of the second laparotomy on wound healing is not clear. In an experimental study in rats, we aimed to investigate the effect of timing on wound healing after reoperations on the same surgical site.

Material And Methods: Forty-eight rats were divided into four groups.

The efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in caustic esophagus injury: an experimental study.

Introduction. Ingestion of corrosive substances may lead to stricture formation in esophagus as a late complication. Full thickness injury seems to exterminate tissue stem cells of esophagus.

Factors affecting the safety of drains and catheters in surgical patients.

Objective: Drains and catheters are used for both prophylactic and therapeutic reasons in clinical practice. This study aimed to investigate the factors that affect safety of drains, catheters, nasogastric tube and central venous line in patients who underwent surgery.

Material And Methods: Two hundred and four consecutive patients who were operated at the general surgery clinics under general anesthesia were included in the study.

The learning curve of real time elastosonography: a preliminary study conducted for the assessment of malignancy risk in thyroid nodules.

Background: Malignancy is correlated with stiffness which is assessed by real time elastosonography (RTE). RTE is not used in routine practice. We aimed to establish the learning curve of RTE on radiology residents.