Non-fermented and fermented milk intake in relation to risk of ischemic heart disease and to circulating cardiometabolic proteins in swedish women and men: Two prospective longitudinal cohort studies with 100,775 participants.

Background: The effect of milk on the risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and acute myocardial infarction (MI) is unclear. We aimed to examine the association between non-fermented and fermented milk consumption on these endpoints and investigate the relationship between milk intake and cardiometabolic-related proteins in plasma.

Methods: Our study is based on two Swedish prospective cohort studies that included 59,998 women and 40,777 men without IHD or cancer at baseline who provided repeated measures of diet and lifestyle factors and plasma proteomics data in two subcohorts.

Declining hip fracture burden in Sweden 1998-2019 and consequences for projections through 2050.

We aimed to estimate the absolute and age-standardized number of hip fractures in Sweden during the past two decades to produce time trends and future projections. We used nationwide register data from 1998 to 2019 and a validated algorithm to calculate the annual absolute and age-standardized number of incident hip fractures over time. The total hip fracture burden was 335,399 incident events over the 22 years, with a change from 16,180 in 1998 to 13,929 in 2019, a 14% decrease.

Elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol: An inverse marker of morbidity and mortality in patients with myocardial infarction.

Background: The incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease increases with levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Yet, a paradox may exist where lower LDL-C levels at myocardial infarction (MI) are associated with poorer prognoses.

Objective: To assess the association between LDL-C levels at MI with risk factor burden and cause-specific outcomes.

Risk factors for and preventability of drug-related hospital revisits in older patients: A post-hoc analysis of a randomized clinical trial.

Aim: The aims of this study were (1) to identify older patients' risk factors for drug-related readmissions and (2) to assess the preventability of older patients' drug-related revisits.

Methods: Post hoc analysis of a randomized clinical trial with patients aged ≥65 years at eight wards within four hospitals in Sweden. (1) The primary outcome was risk factors for drug-related readmission within 12 months post-discharge.

Changes in critical inhaler technique errors in inhaled COPD treatment - A one-year follow-up study in Sweden.

Background: Critical inhaler technique errors have been associated with lower treatment efficacy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We aimed to assess and follow-up critical inhaler technique errors, and to investigate their association with COPD symptoms and exacerbations.

Methods: COPD-diagnosed primary and secondary care outpatients (n = 310) demonstrated inhaler technique with inhaler devices they were currently using.

The impact and causal directions for the associations between diagnosis of ADHD, socioeconomic status, and intelligence by use of a bi-directional two-sample Mendelian randomization design.

Background: Previous studies have reported associations between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and lower socioeconomic status and intelligence. We aimed to evaluate the causal directions and strengths for these associations by use of a bi-directional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) design.

Methods: We used summary-level data from the largest available genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to identify genetic instruments for ADHD, intelligence, and markers of socioeconomic status including the Townsend deprivation index, household income, and educational attainment.

Type 2 Diabetes and Change in Total Hip Bone Area and Bone Mineral Density in Swedish Men and Women Older Than 55 Years.

Context: In a cross-sectional study, we found an association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and smaller bone area together with greater bone mineral density (BMD) at the total hip.

Objective: This work aims to investigate these associations longitudinally, by studying T2DM status (no T2DM n = 1521, incident T2DM n = 119, or prevalent T2DM n = 106) in relation to changes in total hip bone area and BMD.

Methods: In 3 cohorts, the Swedish Mammography Cohort Clinical (SMCC; n = 1060), Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS; n = 483), and Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (ULSAM; n = 203), with repeat assessment of T2DM status and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurements of total hip bone area and BMD on average 8 years apart, a linear regression model was used to assess the effect of T2DM status on change in bone area and BMD at the total hip.

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D is associated with fracture risk only during periods of seasonally high levels in women with a high body mass index.

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (S-25OHD) is used to assess vitamin D status and is known to be affected by season and fat mass. Because these factors are often ignored when interpreting S-25OHD, assessment of vitamin D associations with disease outcomes may be distorted. We aimed to investigate the impact of season of blood draw and fat mass on the association of S25OHD with fracture risk.

Melphalan flufenamide inhibits osteoclastogenesis by suppressing proliferation of monocytes.

Myeloma bone disease is a major complication in multiple myeloma affecting quality of life and survival. It is characterized by increased activity of osteoclasts, bone resorbing cells. Myeloma microenvironment promotes excessive osteoclastogenesis, a process of production of osteoclasts from their precursors, monocytes.

Effects of Hospital-Based Comprehensive Medication Reviews Including Postdischarge Follow-up on Older Patients' Use of Health Care: A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Suboptimal use of medications is a leading cause of health care-related harm. Medication reviews improve medication use, but evidence of the possible benefit of inpatient medication review for hard clinical outcomes after discharge is scarce.

Objective: To study the effects of hospital-based comprehensive medication reviews (CMRs), including postdischarge follow-up of older patients' use of health care resources, compared with only hospital-based reviews and usual care.

Fasting glucose, bone area and bone mineral density: a Mendelian randomisation study.

Aims/hypothesis: Observational studies indicate that type 2 diabetes mellitus and fasting glucose levels are associated with a greater risk for hip fracture, smaller bone area and higher bone mineral density (BMD). However, these findings may be biased by residual confounding and reverse causation. Mendelian randomisation (MR) utilises genetic variants as instruments for exposures in an attempt to address these biases.

Critical inhaler technique errors in Swedish patients with COPD: a cross-sectional study analysing video-recorded demonstrations.

A correct use of inhaler devices is essential in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) treatment. Critical errors were studied by analysing 659 video-recorded demonstrations of inhaler technique from 364 COPD patients using six different inhaler device models. The majority of the included patients used two (55%) or more (20%) device models.

Is the effect of Mediterranean diet on hip fracture mediated through type 2 diabetes mellitus and body mass index?

Background: We examined whether the inverse association between adherence to a Mediterranean diet and hip fracture risk is mediated by incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and body mass index (BMI).

Methods: We included 50 755 men and women from the Cohort of Swedish Men and the Swedish Mammography Cohort who answered lifestyle and medical questionnaires in 1997 and 2008 (used for calculation of the Mediterranean diet score 9mMED; low, medium, high) and BMI in 1997, and incident T2DM in 1997-2008). The cumulative incidence of hip fracture from the National Patient Register (2009-14) was considered as outcome.

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction and statin intensity in myocardial infarction patients and major adverse outcomes: a Swedish nationwide cohort study.

Aims: Clinical trials have demonstrated that a reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) reduces cardiovascular (CV) events. This has, however, not yet been shown in a real-world setting. We aimed to investigate the association between LDL-C changes and statin intensity with prognosis after a myocardial infarction (MI).

Combined associations of body mass index and adherence to a Mediterranean-like diet with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: A cohort study.

Background: It is unclear whether the effect on mortality of a higher body mass index (BMI) can be compensated for by adherence to a healthy diet and whether the effect on mortality by a low adherence to a healthy diet can be compensated for by a normal weight. We aimed to evaluate the associations of BMI combined with adherence to a Mediterranean-like diet on all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality.

Methods And Findings: Our longitudinal cohort design included the Swedish Mammography Cohort (SMC) and the Cohort of Swedish Men (COSM) (1997-2017), with a total of 79,003 women (44%) and men (56%) and a mean baseline age of 61 years.

Intervention fidelity and process outcomes of medication reviews including post-discharge follow-up in older hospitalized patients: Process evaluation of the MedBridge trial.

What Is Known And Objective: Drug-related problems (DRPs) are a growing healthcare burden worldwide. In an ongoing cluster-randomized controlled trial in Sweden (MedBridge), comprehensive medication reviews (CMRs) including post-discharge follow-up have been conducted in older hospitalized patients to prevent and solve DRPs. As part of a process evaluation of the MedBridge trial, this study aimed to assess the intervention fidelity and process outcomes of the trial's interventions.

SWEDEGENE-a Swedish nation-wide DNA sample collection for pharmacogenomic studies of serious adverse drug reactions.

SWEDEGENE is a Swedish nation-wide sample collection established to facilitate studies of clinical and genetic risk factors for adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Most cases are recruited among patients reported to the ADR registry at the Swedish Medical Products Agency by health-care professionals. Clinical data are collected both from medical and laboratory records and through interviews using standardized questionnaires.

A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing Appropriateness Of Inhaled Corticosteroid Treatment In Primary And Secondary Care Patients With COPD In Sweden.

Purpose: Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are often more widely prescribed in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) than what is recommended in the guidelines. The aim of this study was to evaluate the appropriateness of ICS treatment in COPD patients using the algorithm proposed by the International Primary Care Respiratory Group (IPCRG) and to identify factors associated with ICS treatment.

Patients And Methods: Appropriateness of ICS therapy was studied with respect to concomitant asthma, history of exacerbations and blood eosinophils (B-Eos) in a Swedish cohort of primary and secondary care patients with COPD.

Physical activity is associated with a large number of cardiovascular-specific proteins: Cross-sectional analyses in two independent cohorts.

Aims: We aimed to discover and replicate associations between leisure-time physical activity and cardiovascular candidate plasma protein biomarkers and to examine whether the associations were independent of body fat.

Methods: We used cross-sectional data from two population-based cohorts, the EpiHealth (discovery cohort;  = 2239) and the Swedish Mammography Cohort - Clinical (SMCC; replication cohort;  = 4320). Physical activity during leisure time was assessed using questionnaires, and plasma concentrations of 184 proteins were assayed using the Olink Proseek Multiplex Cardiovascular 2 and 3 kits.

Developmental low-dose exposure to bisphenol A induces chronic inflammation, bone marrow fibrosis and reduces bone stiffness in female rat offspring only.

Background: Developmental exposure to low doses of the endocrine disruptor bisphenol A (BPA) is known to alter bone tissue in young rodents, although how bone tissue is affected in aged animals is not well known. We have recently shown that low-dose developmental exposure to BPA increases procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) levels, a peptide formed during type 1 collagen synthesis, in plasma of 5-week-old female rat offspring while male offspring showed reduced bone size.

Objective: To analyze offspring bone phenotype at 52 weeks of age and clarify whether the BPA-induced increase in P1NP levels at 5 weeks is an early sign of bone marrow fibrosis development.

Serum Parathyroid Hormone and Risk of Coronary Artery Disease: Exploring Causality Using Mendelian Randomization.

Context: Elevated circulating parathyroid hormone concentrations have been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease in observational studies, but whether the association is causal is unknown.

Objective: We used the Mendelian randomization design to test whether genetically increased serum parathyroid hormone (S-PTH) concentrations are associated with coronary artery disease (CAD).

Design, Setting, And Participants: Five single-nucleotide polymorphisms robustly associated with S-PTH concentrations were used as instrumental variables to estimate the association of genetically higher S-PTH concentrations with CAD.

A Genome-Wide Association Study of Bisphosphonate-Associated Atypical Femoral Fracture.

Atypical femoral fracture is a well-documented adverse reaction to bisphosphonates. It is strongly related to duration of bisphosphonate use, and the risk declines rapidly after drug withdrawal. The mechanism behind bisphosphonate-associated atypical femoral fracture is unclear, but a genetic predisposition has been suggested.

Disentangling the genetics of lean mass.

Background: Lean body mass (LM) plays an important role in mobility and metabolic function. We previously identified five loci associated with LM adjusted for fat mass in kilograms. Such an adjustment may reduce the power to identify genetic signals having an association with both lean mass and fat mass.