A Systematic Scoping Review of the Current Applications of Digital Technology in Undergraduate Surgical Education.

Over the past few decades, technological advancements have established digital tools as an indispensable pedagogical resource in the realm of modern education. In the field of medical education, there is growing interest in how these digital tools can be effectively integrated to enhance undergraduate surgical education. However, despite their well-documented potential benefits, research specifically investigating the current use of digital technology in undergraduate surgical education remains limited, highlighting a critical gap in the existing literature.

Parent implementation of a treatment for late talkers based on cross-situational statistical learning principles: Treatment fidelity and acceptability.

Purpose: Early intervention based on principles of cross-situational statistical learning (CSSL) for late-talking children has shown promise. This study explored whether parents could be trained to deliver this intervention protocol with fidelity and if they found the intervention to be acceptable.

Method: Mothers of four English-speaking children aged 18-30 months who scored <10th centile for expressive vocabulary were recruited to an 8-week group training program.

From safety net to trampoline: elevating learning with growth mindset in healthcare simulation.

The Implicit Theory of Mindset proposes two different mindsets that sit at opposite ends of a spectrum: a fixed mindset versus a growth mindset. With a fixed mindset, an individual believes they are born with a certain amount of an attribute, and so their potential is both pre-determined and static. With a growth mindset, an individual believes their attributes are malleable and can strengthen over time with repeated effort, adaptable learning strategies, and challenge seeking.

Replication of a single-case design cross-situational statistically based word learning treatment for late talking children.

Purpose: Late talking children are at risk of ongoing language impairment. This intervention study replicated and extended research based on cross-situational statistical learning principles.

Method: Three late talking children (age 24-32 months) were enrolled into the concurrent multiple baseline single-case experimental intervention study.

Remote neuropsychological assessment: Acceptability and feasibility of direct-to-home teleneuropsychology methodology during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: To determine the acceptability and feasibility of telephone and video-conference calls to complete cognitive assessments during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Method: In rapid response to the pandemic, evidence-based adaptations were made to routine face-to-face (FTF) practice, delivering teleneuropsychology (TNP) within a National Health Service (NHS) Scotland neuropsychology service. Caldicott guardian approval was obtained to complete a six month study (April to October 2020) from the early stages of the first United Kingdom (UK) lockdown.

Can Dynamic Assessment Identify Language Disorder in Multilingual Children? Clinical Applications From a Systematic Review.

Purpose: Multilingual children are disproportionately represented on speech pathology caseloads, in part due to the limited ability of traditional language assessments to accurately capture multilingual children's language abilities. This systematic review evaluates the evidence for identification of language disorder in multilingual children using dynamic assessment and considers clinical applications of the evidence.

Method: A systematic search of the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Education Resources Information Centre, Education Source, Google Scholar, Linguistics, Medline, and PsycINFO databases produced 10 articles that met the inclusion criteria: between-groups comparison studies that used dynamic assessment to identify language disorder in children under 12 years old that spoke a different language at home to the majority society language.

Kynurenine pathway metabolites selectively associate with impaired associative memory function in depression.

Activation of the kynurenine pathway (KP), an important downstream effect of inflammation, is a driver of depression and neurodegeneration. Damage from the end product of KP activation, quinolinic acid, may be responsible specifically for impairment in hippocampally mediated memory function, among its effects. We hypothesized that associative memory - the ability to recall relationships between items - would be sensitive to KP activation because it is heavily dependent on the hippocampus.

Do infants of breast-feeding mothers benefit from additional long-chain PUFA from fish oil? A 6-year follow-up.

Fish-oil supplements are marketed as enhancing intelligence and cognitive performance. However, empirical data concerning the utility of these products in healthy term infants are mixed, particularly with respect to lasting effects into childhood. We evaluated whether fish-oil supplementation during infancy leads to better neurocognitive/behavioural development at 6 years.

and Polymorphisms Modulate Fatty Acid Metabolism and Dietary Impact on Health.

Variants in the gene cluster modify the activity of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) desaturation and the lipid composition in human blood and tissue. variants have been associated with plasma lipid concentrations, risk of cardiovascular diseases, overweight, eczema, pregnancy outcomes, and cognitive function. Studies on variations in the genecluster provided some of the first examples for marked gene-diet interactions in modulating complex phenotypes, such as eczema, asthma, and cognition.

Can polymorphisms in the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene cluster alter the effects of fish oil supplementation on plasma and erythrocyte fatty acid profiles? An exploratory study.

Purpose: The enzymes encoded by fatty acid desaturases (FADS) genes determine the desaturation of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA). We investigated if haplotype and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in FADS gene cluster can influence LCPUFA status in infants who received either fish oil or placebo supplementation.

Methods: Children enrolled in the Infant Fish Oil Supplementation Study (IFOS) were randomly allocated to receive either fish oil or placebo from birth to 6 months of age.

Is knee pain information on YouTube videos perceived to be helpful? An analysis of user comments and implications for dissemination on social media.

Objective: There is little research that characterises knee pain related information disseminated via social media. However, variances in the content and quality of such sources could compromise optimal patient care. This study explored the nature of the comments on YouTube videos related to non-specific knee pain, to determine their helpfulness to the users.

Docosahexaenoic Acid and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of Term Infants.

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid, is essential for normal brain development. DHA is found predominantly in seafood, fish oil, breastmilk and supplemented formula. DHA intake in Western countries is often below recommendations.

A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Behavioral Voice Therapy for Dysphonia Related to Prematurity of Birth.

Objectives: Dysphonia is a potential complication of prematurity. Preterm children may sustain iatrogenic laryngeal damage from medical intervention in the neonatal period, and further, adopt compensatory, maladaptive voicing behaviors. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the effects of a voice therapy protocol on voice quality in school-aged, very preterm (VP) children.

Voice problems in school-aged children following very preterm birth.

Background And Objective: Very preterm children may be at risk of voice abnormalities (dysphonia). Risk factors previously identified in extremely preterm children include female gender, multiple intubations, complicated intubation and very low birth weight. This study sought to identify the prevalence of dysphonia in very preterm children, at school age.

Predictors of 6-month and 3-year outcomes after psychological intervention for psychogenic non epileptic seizures.

Purpose: To determine outcome and its predictors following psychological intervention in people with Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures (PNES) METHODS: Prospective audit of 89 consecutive patients. PNES were recorded at baseline (initial psychology appointment), at 6 months and 3 years post the initial appointment. Six-month data was obtained by face-to-face interview, while 3-year data was obtained by contacting general practitioners and by postal survey.

Dysphonia in extremely preterm children: A longitudinal observation.

Introduction: Dysphonia is a potential long-term complication of preterm birth. Childhood voice disorders caused by vocal hyperfunction resolve with pubertal changes to the vocal mechanism in many cases. In extremely preterm children, whose voice quality is affected by supraglottic hyperfunction adapted secondary to underlying structural laryngeal pathology sustained during neonatal intubation, the prognosis is unknown.

Maternal fish oil supplementation in pregnancy: a 12 year follow-up of a randomised controlled trial.

A number of trials have been undertaken to assess whether the intake of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA) during pregnancy can influence the neurological development of the offspring, yet no consensus from these trials has been reached. We aimed to investigate the long-term effects (12 years) of fish oil supplementation in pregnancy on neurodevelopment, including cognition, language and fine motor skills. In a follow up of a previously published randomised controlled trial of 98 pregnant women, their children were assessed at 12 years of age using a battery of neurodevelopmental assessments.

Laryngeal pathology at school age following very preterm birth.

Introduction: Intubation injury resulting in laryngeal pathology is recognised as a possible complication of preterm birth, yet few published studies have examined such pathology and its relation to voice outcomes. This study reports on the results of prospective laryngeal function examinations of a cohort of very preterm children, all of whom presented with significant dysphonia at school age.

Materials And Methods: The laryngeal pathology of 20 very preterm children, born between 23 and 29 weeks gestation, was examined under halogen and stroboscopic conditions.

25-hydroxyvitamin D3 status is associated with developing adaptive and innate immune responses in the first 6 months of life.

Background: Vitamin D (25[OH]D3) status in early life has been linked to the risk of allergic disease in multiple observational studies. While immunomodulating properties are well recognized, there are few longitudinal studies of 25(OH)D3 status, immune function and allergic disease in infants.

Objective: To investigate 25(OH)D3 levels at birth [cord blood (CB)] and at 6 months of age in relation to immune function at 6 months of age, and clinical outcomes up to 30 months of age in infants with a maternal history of atopy.

Dysphonia in very preterm children: a review of the evidence.

Introduction: Intubation is a known risk factor for dysphonia yet is essential in the perinatal care of many very preterm infants. Children born preterm, who are frequently resuscitated with endotracheal intubation, may be at risk of dysphonia at school age and beyond.

Objectives: To identify and describe the evidence pertaining to long-term voice outcomes and risk factors for developing dysphonia in preterm children.

Dysphonia in preterm children: assessing incidence and response to treatment.

Background: Mild dysphonia in childhood is surprisingly common, yet moderate to severe dysphonia is rare. The latter has been associated with complex medical conditions and congenital abnormalities. Intubation injury has also been documented as a cause of childhood dysphonia.

Does docosahexaenoic acid supplementation in term infants enhance neurocognitive functioning in infancy?

The proposal that dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) enhances neurocognitive functioning in term infants is controversial. Theoretical evidence, laboratory research and human epidemiological studies have convincingly demonstrated that DHA deficiency can negatively impact neurocognitive development. However, the results from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of DHA supplementation in human term-born infants have been inconsistent.