Publications by authors named "Melanie Wakefield"

Article Synopsis
  • Many Australian adults who smoke mistakenly believe that reducing their cigarette intake effectively lowers health risks associated with smoking.
  • A significant portion of smokers, particularly those smoking less frequently, underestimate the dangers of smoking just one cigarette per day.
  • The study highlights a widespread misunderstanding surrounding the effectiveness of cutting down on smoking, which emphasizes the need for better education regarding the risks involved with any level of tobacco consumption.
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Objective: Some claims on alcohol labels highlight virtuous aspects of brands or products, including in health-, eco-, and cause-oriented domains (including charity partnerships, or ethical or humanitarian certifications). This virtue marketing may create a "halo" whereby consumers generalize from specific attributes to a more favorable overall appraisal of the product, brand, or even alcohol or the alcohol industry in general. This study aims to describe the prevalence of and trends over time in virtue marketing on the packaging of new alcohol (including lower- and zero-alcohol) products on the Australian market.

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Article Synopsis
  • * The program uses impactful visual messaging about the dangers of excess body weight and promotes healthier eating habits through TV-led campaigns.
  • * Evaluation results from 2012 to 2019 indicate significant increases in awareness of the link between obesity and chronic diseases, as well as positive shifts in intentions to consume more fruits and vegetables and reduce sugary drink intake among participants.
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Background: Cigarette pack inserts are small cards that highlight the benefits of quitting and promote use of smoking cessation support. With evidence from Canada that they increase self-efficacy to quit, quit attempts and sustained cessation, inserts are set to be introduced into tobacco packs sold in Australia. Some people have expressed concern that the introduction of inserts may create more litter if incorrectly disposed of on pack-opening.

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Objective: To explore risk factors for smoking susceptibility among Australian adolescents to inform prevention policies and programs.

Methods: Cross-sectional survey of students aged 12-17 years who reported having never smoked (n=4,171). Bivariate associations between smoking susceptibility and a range of factors previously linked to youth smoking and smoking susceptibility were initially examined, with significant factors (p<0.

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Aims: To test whether showing spectators counter-advertisements exposing alcohol harms alone, or exposing alcohol harms and alcohol sponsorship, before watching an alcohol-sponsored sporting event promotes less favourable post-event attitudes and intentions towards alcohol sponsor brands and alcohol in general.

Design: On-line between-subjects experiment.

Setting: Australia.

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Introduction: Roll-your-own (RYO) tobacco is a popular choice in Australia, with some people who smoke finding these products more attractive than factory-made cigarettes (FMC). Differences in visual and tactile properties and in the feel and taste of the smoke may contribute to this attractiveness. These differences may be driven by variation in tobacco constituents and wrapping paper permeability.

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Background: Exposure to alcohol advertising and sponsorship through elite sport is associated with harmful use of alcohol. Owing to strong financial and cultural ties between alcohol and sport in Australia, policy action to restrict alcohol sport sponsorship is unlikely to occur without strong public support for change. This study tested whether exposure to counter-advertising exposing industry marketing of harmful products-a technique shown to be effective in tobacco control-promotes higher support for policy change and less favourable beliefs about the alcohol industry among sport spectators.

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Issue Addressed: To examine the potential impact on trends in reported adolescent sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption following the adult-targeted Western Australian (WA) LiveLighter "Sugary Drinks" campaign, which is a television-led healthy lifestyle promotion and education mass media campaign that aired in multiple bursts between July 2013 and December 2018.

Methods: Data were from a repeated cross-sectional survey of Australian secondary school students aged 12-17 years conducted nation-wide in 2009-2010 (n = 13 790 from 238 schools), 2012-2013 (n = 10 309 from 196 schools) and 2018 (n = 9102 from 104 schools).

Results: Significant declines in high SSB consumption (≥4 cups/week) were observed between 2009-2010 and 2012-2013 among students in both WA (27.

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Background/aims: Discretionary, energy-dense, nutrient-poor food and drinks are heavily marketed and readily available in retail settings frequented by adolescents. This study examines associations between food purchasing practices in various retail settings and dietary intake among Australian adolescents.

Methods: Participants were students in years 8 to 11 (ages 12-17 years) who completed the 2009-10 (n = 13 790), 2012-13 (n = 10 309) or 2018 (n = 9102) National Secondary Students' Diet and Activity (NaSSDA) cross-sectional survey.

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Health warning labels (HWLs) on alcohol containers may help reduce population-level alcohol consumption. However, few studies have examined the most effective formats for alcohol HWLs. This study tested the effects of three different types of alcohol HWLs.

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Mass media campaigns can change attitudes and behaviours to improve population health. However, a key challenge is achieving share of voice in a complex and cluttered media environment. The aim of this study was to compare advertising expenditure on public health campaigns for obesity prevention (and related healthy eating and physical activity campaigns) with competing commercial categories of (a) sugary drinks, (b) artificially sweetened drinks and (c) diet/weight loss products and programmes.

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Aims: To investigate whether 'low sugar' and related claims influence consumers' perceptions of the healthiness or other attributes of alcoholic drinks, promote greater consumption or impact diet and activity behaviour intentions.

Method: N = 501 Australian women aged 18-35 viewed and rated six images of alcoholic drinks in a randomized online experiment with a 2 (claim: low sugar claim, no claim control) × 2 (drink type: cider, ready-to-drink spirits) between-subjects design.

Results: Participants who viewed drinks with low sugar claims rated them as healthier, less harmful to health, lower in sugar and kilojoules, and more suitable for weight management and a healthy diet than participants who viewed identical drinks with no claim (P < 0.

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Drink counting has been found to be an effective protective behavioral strategy (PBS) to reduce alcohol consumption. However, little is known about attitudes to this strategy and barriers and facilitators to its use. The aim of this study was to explicate these factors and draw comparisons with less efficacious PBSs.

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Front-of-pack (FoP) warning labels are a viable policy option with the potential to inform consumer choice and assist in reducing sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption as part of a multi-faceted approach. This study explored parents' perceptions and understanding of a range of SSB warning labels. Focus groups = 12) with 82 parents of school-aged children were conducted, stratified according to education level, sex and location.

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Article Synopsis
  • The LiveLighter® 2016 campaign in Western Australia focused on reducing junk food consumption to prevent weight gain and chronic diseases.
  • The campaign reached 57% of participants, significantly increasing their knowledge about the connection between obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, as well as encouraging healthier purchasing habits.
  • Additionally, it boosted weight-loss self-efficacy among heavier individuals and garnered increased support for policies aimed at promoting healthy eating.
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Objective: Marketing, label design, and product innovation strategies are being used by the alcohol industry to position some products as "healthier choices." The aim of this study was to systematically document the content and prevalence of health-oriented marketing on alcohol products on the Australian market and to compare the online availability of nutrition information and the alcohol and nutrient content between products with and without such features.

Method: Health-oriented marketing features on all beer, cider, and ready-to-drink (RTD) premixed drinks, and selected wines on the website of the largest liquor retailer in Australia were audited using a systematic coding protocol.

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Introduction: Widespread commercial promotion of alcohol products in Australia undermines the abstinence message for young people. This study aims to document the frequency of adolescents' exposure to alcohol advertising and examine associations with drinking behaviours.

Methods: Students aged 12-17 years (n = 3618) participating in a cross-sectional survey self-reported their exposure to alcohol advertising via eight sources.

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Background: There is growing international interest in a goal once considered unthinkable: phasing out the retail sales of smoked tobacco products. In this study, we examined public support for phasing out sales and specific measures for moving towards a phase-out among a nationally representative sample of Australian adults.

Methods: In December 2019, we used a probability-based online panel, Life in Australia™, to survey n=1939 Australian adults (n=1874 included in analyses due to missing data).

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This year, 2021, marks the 40th anniversary of the iconic Slip! Slop! Slap! campaign which launched Australia's status as a global leader in skin cancer prevention. Since the campaign first aired in the summer of 1980-81, notable successes have been achieved, with melanoma rates declining in younger age groups. While skin cancer prevention is rightly considered a triumph of Australian public health, challenges remain.

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Reviews published over the past decade confirm tobacco control campaigns can be effective for influencing adult and youth tobacco use behaviours, with strengthening evidence for high cost-effectiveness. Evidence is also accumulating for positive campaign effects on interpersonal discussions, social norms and policy support that can help motivate and sustain quitting and reduce uptake. Research needs over the next decade centre on the rapidly changing media environment and the equity of campaign effects among high smoking prevalence communities.

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Background: 24-hour movement guidelines recommend a healthy balance of high levels of physical activity, low levels of sedentary behaviour and appropriate sleep duration each day. At present, surveillance data on how Australian adolescents are performing against these guidelines are lacking. This study aims to describe the extent to which Australian secondary school students are adhering to the physical activity, sedentary recreational screen time and sleep duration recommendations outlined in the national 24-hour movement guidelines for children and young people.

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Issue Addressed: Introduced relatively recently in the Australian market, flavour capsule cigarettes pose a risk to adolescents by providing a palatable pathway to smoking initiation. The present study aimed to establish the prevalence of the use of flavour capsule cigarettes in Australian adolescents and to examine the association between frequency of use and smoking behaviour and intentions and perceptions of cigarette brand differences.

Methods: Data were from a 2017 cross-sectional school-based survey of secondary students aged 12-17 years (N = 4266) in Victoria who self-reported their smoking behaviours, smoking intentions and cigarette brand perceptions.

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Effective strategies to reduce free sugar intake are needed. This study examined exposure to a warning label, independently and in conjunction with a Health Star Rating (HSR) label, on the selection of commercially available cold beverages with real decision-making stakes. Participants (N = 511, 47.

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