Continuous Glucose Monitor Metrics That Predict Neonatal Adiposity in Early and Later Pregnancy Are Higher in Obesity Despite Macronutrient-Controlled Eucaloric Diets.

Background: Fasting glucose is higher in pregnancies with obesity (OB); less is known about postprandial (PP) and nocturnal patterns when the diet is eucaloric and fixed or about the continuous-glucose-monitor (CGM) metrics that predict neonatal adiposity (NB%fat). We hypothesized that continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) would reveal higher glycemia in OB vs. normal weight (NW) during (14-16 weeks) and (26-28 weeks) gestation despite macronutrient-controlled eucaloric diets and elucidate unique predictors of NB%fat.

Postprandial Triglycerides Predict Newborn Fat More Strongly than Glucose in Women with Obesity in Early Pregnancy.

Objective: Maternal obesity (OB) accounts for the majority of large-for-gestational-age infants, and newborn percent fat (NB%fat) correlates strongest with childhood OB. In addition to maternal glucose, fasting triglycerides (TGs) may contribute, but postprandial triglycerides (PPTGs) are unstudied. It was hypothesized that fasting TGs and PPTGs are higher in women with OB compared with women with normal weight (NW) throughout pregnancy, correlate more strongly with NB%fat than glucose, and may relate to dietary chylomicron TGs.

Can Fetal Limb Soft Tissue Measurements in the Third Trimester Predict Neonatal Adiposity?

Objectives: Neonatal adiposity is associated with chronic metabolic sequelae such as diabetes and obesity. Identifying fetuses at risk for excess neonatal body fat may lead to research aimed at limiting nutritional excess in the prenatal period. We sought to determine whether fetal arm and leg soft tissue measurements at 28 weeks' gestation were predictive of neonatal percent body fat METHODS : In this prospective observational cohort study of singleton term pregnancies, we performed sonography at 28 and 36 weeks' gestation, including soft tissue measurements of the fetal arm and thigh (fractional limb volume and cross-sectional area).

The Effect of Omega-3 Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation on Gestational Length: Randomized Trial of Supplementation Compared to Nutrition Education for Increasing n-3 Intake from Foods.

Objective: DHA supplementation was compared to nutrition education to increase DHA consumption from fish and DHA fortified foods.

Design: This two-part intervention included a randomized double-blind placebo controlled DHA supplementation arm and a nutrition education arm designed to increase intake of DHA from dietary sources by 300 mg per day.

Setting: Denver Health Hospitals and Clinics, Denver, Colorado, USA.

Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Randomized to a Higher-Complex Carbohydrate/Low-Fat Diet Manifest Lower Adipose Tissue Insulin Resistance, Inflammation, Glucose, and Free Fatty Acids: A Pilot Study.

Objective: Diet therapy in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has focused on carbohydrate restriction but is poorly substantiated. In this pilot randomized clinical trial, we challenged the conventional low-carbohydrate/higher-fat (LC/CONV) diet, hypothesizing that a higher-complex carbohydrate/lower-fat (CHOICE) diet would improve maternal insulin resistance (IR), adipose tissue (AT) lipolysis, and infant adiposity.

Research Design And Methods: At 31 weeks, 12 diet-controlled overweight/obese women with GDM were randomized to an isocaloric LC/CONV (40% carbohydrate/45% fat/15% protein; n = 6) or CHOICE (60%/25%/15%; n = 6) diet.

Continuous glucose profiles in obese and normal-weight pregnant women on a controlled diet: metabolic determinants of fetal growth.

Objective: We sought to define 24-h glycemia in normal-weight and obese pregnant women using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) while they consumed a habitual and controlled diet both early and late in pregnancy.

Research Design And Methods: Glycemia was prospectively measured in early (15.7 ± 2.

Increased farnesylation of p21-Ras and neonatal macrosomia in women with gestational diabetes.

Six of 22 mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus had infants with macrosomia, cord blood hyperinsulinemia, and increased amounts of a key mitogenic intermediate, farnesylated p21-Ras. The ability of fetal hyperinsulinemia to increase the availability of farnesylated p21-Ras may represent one mechanism of the growth-promoting action of insulin during fetal development.

Omega-3 for baby and me: material development for a WIC intervention to increase DHA intake during pregnancy.

Objective: The purpose of this project was to develop educational materials for a Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program intervention in Denver, Colorado. Despite accumulating evidence of the importance of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) during pregnancy, there has been no attempt to develop a targeted nutrition intervention to improve birth outcomes among high-risk women. The goal of the Omega-3 for Baby and Me intervention, for which these materials were developed, is to increase the consumption of DHA-rich foods to decrease the risk for premature delivery and low-birth weight babies among this population.