Cardiac adaptations in young triathletes: a 9-month longitudinal study during the peak height velocity period.

Purpose: The present study examined the influence of endurance training on the morphological and functional heart adaptations in young athletes throughout a longitudinal 9-month follow-up period during the adolescent peak height velocity (PHV).

Methods: Thirty-six 13- to 15-year-old males (twenty-three triathletes and thirteen untrained peers) were evaluated before and after a 9-month period during PHV. Maximal oxygen uptake ( ) and power at were assessed during incremental cycling test.

Overhead and Wheelchair Sport-Related Injuries in Para Athletes: Interplay Between Disability and Sport-Specific Factors.

With the increasing opportunities for people with disabilities to engage in competitive Para sports, it becomes imperative to understand the injury consequences that may impact both sports participation and daily life activities. This narrative review aims to examine the intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors inherent in overhead and wheelchair summer Para sports, while also exploring prospective avenues for implementing prevention strategies. By understanding the injury epidemiology in this cohort of Para athletes, this review aims to explore the intricate interplay between the athletes' underlying disability with sport-specific factors, such as how wheelchair use might amplify injury susceptibility.

Neuromuscular Adaptations in Endurance-Trained Male Adolescents Versus Untrained Peers: A 9-Month Longitudinal Study.

Background: Neuromuscular function is considered as a determinant factor of endurance performance during adulthood. However, whether endurance training triggers further neuromuscular adaptations exceeding those of growth and maturation alone over the rapid adolescent growth period is yet to be determined.

Objective: The present study investigated the concurrent role of growth, maturation, and endurance training on neuromuscular function through a 9-month training period in adolescent triathletes.

Effects of a Cycling versus Running HIIT Program on Fat Mass Loss and Gut Microbiota Composition in Men with Overweight/Obesity.

Purpose: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) can efficiently decrease total and (intra-)abdominal fat mass (FM); however, the effects of running versus cycling HIIT programs on FM reduction have not been compared yet. In addition, the link between HIIT-induced FM reduction and gut microbiota must be better investigated. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two 12-wk HIIT isoenergetic programs (cycling vs running) on body composition and fecal microbiota composition in nondieting men with overweight or obesity.

A long-duration race induces a decrease of left ventricular strains, twisting mechanics and myocardial work in trained adolescents.

We investigated the acute cardiac consequences of a long-duration (>5 h) adventure race in adolescent athletes from evaluations of left ventricular (LV) strains and myocardial work. Twenty trained male adolescents (i.e.

Changes in Pulmonary Function After Long-duration Adventure Racing in Adolescent Athletes.

The present study investigated the acute effects of a mixed-modality, long-duration adventure race on pulmonary function in adolescent athletes. Twenty male adolescents aged 14 to 17 years volunteered to participate in a wilderness adventure race of 68.5-km.

Post-exercise heart rate recovery and parasympathetic reactivation are comparable between prepubertal boys and well-trained adult male endurance athletes.

Purpose: This study tested the hypothesis that prepubertal boys, but not untrained men, would exhibit a similar post-exercise parasympathetic reactivation as well-trained adult male endurance athletes.

Methods: Twelve prepubertal boys (12.3 ± 1.

Effect of Concurrent Training on Body Composition and Gut Microbiota in Postmenopausal Women with Overweight or Obesity.

Purpose: Menopause tends to be associated with an increased risk of obesity and abdominal fat mass (FM) and is associated with lower intestinal species diversity. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a high-intensity interval training and resistance training (HIIT + RT) program on body composition and intestinal microbiota composition in overweight or obese postmenopausal women.

Methods: Participants (n = 17) were randomized in two groups: HIIT + RT group (3× per week, 12 wk) and control group without any training.

Effect of morning versus evening exercise training on sleep, physical activity, fitness, fatigue and quality of life in overweight and obese adults.

This study compares the effectiveness of a 12-week moderate exercise training program (METP), performed in the morning versus the evening, on sleep, physical activity, physical fitness, sleepiness, fatigue and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in overweight and obese patients. Sedentary and inactive overweight/obese adults (n = 36) were included in METP and randomized into two groups: morning group (GM) and evening group (GE). Twenty-eight participants successfully completed METP (3 × 90 min exercise session per week for 12 weeks, completion rates >80%).

Neuromuscular Fatigue After Long-Duration Adventure Racing in Adolescent Athletes.

Purpose: To characterize the acute effects of a long-duration adventure race on knee extensor (KE) fatigue and the knee functional ratio in adolescent athletes.

Methods: Twenty trained male adolescents (aged 14-17 y) performed an adventure race of 68.5 km.

Acute metabolic responses after continuous or interval exercise in post-menopausal women with overweight or obesity.

This pilot study compared the effects of acute high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) and moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) on post-exercise VO , fat utilization, and 24-hours energy balance to understand the mechanism of higher fat mass reduction observed after high-intensity interval training in post-menopausal women with overweight/obesity. 12 fasted women (59.5 ± 5.

Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training or High-Intensity Interval Training with or without Resistance Training for Altering Body Composition in Postmenopausal Women.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare body composition changes induced by moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), high-intensity interval training (HIIT), or HIIT + resistance training (RT) programs (3 d·wk, 12 wk) in overweight/obese postmenopausal women, and to determine whether fat mass reduction is related to greater fat oxidation (FatOx).

Methods: Participants (n = 27) were randomized in three groups: MICT (40 min at 55%-60% of peak power output), HIIT (60 × 8 s at 80%-90% of peak HR, 12 s active recovery), and HIIT + RT (HIIT + 8 whole-body exercises: 1 set of 8-12 repetitions). Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry was used to measure whole-body and abdominal/visceral fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass.

Four-month course of soluble milk proteins interacts with exercise to improve muscle strength and delay fatigue in elderly participants.

Background: The benefit of protein supplementation on the adaptive response of muscle to exercise training in older people is controversial.

Objective: To investigate the independent and combined effects of a multicomponent exercise program with and without a milk-based nutritional supplement on muscle strength and mass, lower-extremity fatigue, and metabolic markers.

Design: A sample of 48 healthy sedentary men aged 60.

Detraining-induced alterations in metabolic and fitness markers after a multicomponent exercise-training program in older men.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of a 8-week detraining period after a 16-week multicomponent training program including strength and aerobic exercises on the main determinants of aerobic fitness, muscle strength and some metabolic markers in 24 older subjects (60.2 ± 3.0 years).

Changes in basal and insulin and amino acid response of whole body and skeletal muscle proteins in obese men.

Context: Obesity-related insulin resistance of glucose and lipid metabolism may also affect protein kinetics, notably at the muscle level.

Objective: We hypothesized that muscle protein response to insulin and amino acid is blunted during obesity.

Research Design And Methods: Total (Tot) and mitochondrial (Mit) muscle proteins fractional synthesis rates (FSR) together with whole-body protein kinetics (WB) have been determined in postabsorptive state (PA) and during a hyperinsulinemic, hyperaminoacidemic, euglycemic clamp by using a continuous infusion of (13)C-leucine in six obese and eight nonobese subjects.

Determination of the maximal fat oxidation point in obese children and adolescents: validity of methods to assess maximal aerobic power.

We aimed to examine the interchangeability of techniques used to assess maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) and maximal aerobic power (MAP) employed to express the maximal fat oxidation point in obese children and adolescents. Rate of fat oxidation were measured in 24 obese subjects (13.0 +/- 2.

Effect of physical activity intervention on body composition in young children: influence of body mass index status and gender.

Aim: To fight overweight and obesity in childhood, this study proposes an additional physical activity (PA) in young children aged 6-10 years. The objective was to evaluate the effect of school-based PA on the body composition according to body mass index (BMI) categories (nonobese vs. obese) and gender.

Lower-limb and whole-body tissue composition assessment in healthy active older women.

Aim: The study evaluated, in active elderly women, the accuracy and bias of anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) for lower-limb and whole-body tissue composition measures using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as the criterion method.

Methods: Nineteen individuals (66.1 +/- 4.