Evidence That Sleep Is an Indicator of Overtraining during the Competition Phase of Adolescent Sprinters.

Although sleep disturbance is a common complaint in overtrained athletes, the role of sleep in the overtraining process is not clear. This study aimed (i) to compare sleep efficiency/quantity at the start of a competition phase in elite adolescent sprinters who adapted to prior training with that in those who maladapt and (ii) to examine the influence of prior training, fatigue, and sleep on performance through a moderated mediation model. Fatigue (via Profile of Mood State) and internal training load (via session rating of perceived exertion and duration of training as volume) were measured in 20 sprinters (mean age: 15.

Evidence that variations in pretraining hydration status are related to the frequency of endurance training in elite adolescent sprinters.

Background: Although the effect of dehydration on performance is widely studied, limited data concerning the levels of risk training types pose to hydration status exists. This study sought to determine: 1) pretraining hydration status in adolescent sprinters relative to non-athletes; 2) changes in hydration markers across a season of adolescent sprinters relative to non-athletes; and 3) if frequency of training type explains unique variance in hydration.

Methods: Hydration (via pretraining urine osmolality [UOsm] and thirst perception [TP]), daily water intake (TWI) (via 24-h food/fluid diaries) and frequencies of resistance, endurance and sprint training types (via training regime questionnaires) were assessed in 26 sprinters (age: 15.

Contextual factors and sporting success: The relationship between birth date and place of early development on the progression of Jamaican track and field athletes from junior to senior level.

Understanding determinants associated with dropout from sport is important for talent development. This study aimed (i) to determine dropout rates for Jamaican track and field athletes and (ii) to examine contextual factors (i.e.

Effects of Resistance Training on Fatigue-Related Domains of Quality of Life and Mood During Pregnancy: A Randomized Trial in Pregnant Women With Increased Risk of Back Pain.

Objective: The aim of the study was to test whether the adoption of twice weekly, low-to-moderate intensity resistance training during weeks 22 to 34 of pregnancy can improve quality of life and mood.

Methods: A parallel-group trial was conducted. Women in their second trimester (N = 134) were randomly assigned to 12 weeks of wait list, bimonthly pregnancy education classes, or twice weekly low-to-moderate intensity resistance training.

Muscle strengthening exercises during pregnancy are associated with increased energy and reduced fatigue.

Introduction: Physical inactivity likely contributes to fatigue and low energy during pregnancy but whether acute resistance exercise attenuates these symptoms is unknown.

Methods: Twenty-six women performed six low-to-moderate intensity resistance exercises twice per week from weeks 23 to 35 of pregnancy and measurements were made before and after each workout using the Mental and Physical State Energy and Fatigue Scales.

Results: Acute resistance exercise usually increased perceived physical and mental energy (92% to 96% of workouts, respectively).

Modifiable cardiovascular disease risk factors among indigenous populations.

Objective. To identify modifiable cardio-metabolic and lifestyle risk factors among indigenous populations from Australia (Aboriginal Australians/Torres Strait Islanders), New Zealand (Māori), and the United States (American Indians and Alaska Natives) that contribute to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods.

A conceptual framework for managing modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in Fiji.

Aims: The current review will look at modifiable lifestyle (physical inactivity, poor nutrition, risky alcohol behavior and cigarette smoking) and cardio-metabolic (obesity, diabetes mellitus, high cholesterol and high blood pressure) cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among Indigenous-Fijian and Indo-Fijian subgroups. A framework for monitoring and managing these risk factors will be presented.

Methods: National health surveys were identified where available.

Examination of the effectiveness of peppermint aromatherapy on nausea in women post C-section.

Purpose: This study examined the effect of peppermint spirits on postoperative nausea in women following a scheduled C-section.

Design: A pretest-posttest research design with three groups was used. The peppermint group inhaled peppermint spirits, the placebo aromatherapy control group inhaled an inert placebo, green-colored sterile water, and the standard antiemetic therapy control group received standard antiemetics, usually intravenous ondansetron or promethazine suppositories.

Safety and efficacy of supervised strength training adopted in pregnancy.

Objective: Describe safety and efficacy of a supervised, low-to-moderate intensity strength training program adopted during pregnancy among women at increased risk for back pain.

Methods: 32 women adopted strength training twice per week for 12 weeks. Data on musculoskeletal injuries, symptoms, blood pressure, and the absolute external load used for 5 of 6 exercises were obtained during each session.

A review of physical activity patterns in pregnant women and their relationship to psychological health.

Regular physical activity contributes positively to physical and psychological health. Adverse consequences of inactivity may be an especially important problem among pregnant women. Up to 60% are inactive during pregnancy.

Physical activity and mood during pregnancy.

Purpose: To compare three physical activity (PA) measures in pregnant women and examine mood correlates of physical activity changes during pregnancy.

Methods: A sample of 12 pregnant women (PW) was recruited during their first trimester and 12 nonpregnant women (NPW) (baseline age = 30.7 +/- 4.

Body images of 4-8-year-old girls at the outset of their first artistic gymnastics class.

Objective: The primary objective of this investigation was to compare body images of 54 girls (4-8 years old) who were beginning their first gymnastics class to 54 age-matched (+/-1 year) and % body fat-matched (+/-3%) girls not participating in gymnastics.

Method: Ratings of actual and ideal body size and a computed measure of body dissatisfaction (actual minus ideal) were obtained. Body composition was measured with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.

Lack of both sex differences and influence of resting blood pressure on muscle pain intensity.

Objective: To test whether muscle pain intensity caused by different intensities of unaccustomed eccentric exercise was moderately and negatively associated with resting blood pressure, and whether women reported higher pain ratings compared with men in response to such exercise.

Design And Subjects: The repeated measures design involved random assignment of 42 young adults (21 women, 7 per condition) to complete elbow extension exercises with a weight that was 80%, 100%, or 120% of their maximal voluntary concentric strength. Total work was equated by manipulating the number of repetitions performed in the 80% (n = 45), 100% (n = 36), and 120% (n = 30) condition groups.

Perceived exertion responses to novel elbow flexor eccentric action in women and men.

Purpose: The primary aim was to describe perceived exertion responses to different intensities of eccentric exercise in women and men.

Methods: 42 adults (21 men and 21 women, 7 per condition) completed elbow extension exercises with a weight corresponding to 80%, 100%, or 120% of maximal voluntary concentric strength. Total work was equated by manipulating the number of repetitions in the 80% (N = 45), 100% (N = 36), and 120% (N = 30) conditions.