Outcomes with loncastuximab tesirine following CAR T-cell therapy in patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

The efficacy of loncastuximab tesirine (lonca) following chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CAR-T) progression/failure is unknown. Hence, we sought to examine real-world use and outcomes of lonca following CAR-T in patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in the USA. In this retrospective study, we included adults (age ≥ 18 years) with R/R DLBCL who received lonca monotherapy as third- (3 L) or fourth line (4 L) treatment after progressing on second line (2 L) or 3 L CAR-T, respectively.

Disease landscape of advanced HER2-breast cancer patients by treatment line in three EU countries and USA.

To report treatment patterns and quality of life (QoL) in HER2-negative advanced breast cancer patients. Data were drawn from a cross-sectional survey in Europe and USA. Hormone plus targeted therapy was the most frequent first-line (1L, 62%) and second-line (2L, 45%) treatment for HR+/HER2-patients.

Multi-domain cognitive assessment of male mice shows space radiation is not harmful to high-level cognition and actually improves pattern separation.

Astronauts on interplanetary missions - such as to Mars - will be exposed to space radiation, a spectrum of highly-charged, fast-moving particles that includes Fe and Si. Earth-based preclinical studies show space radiation decreases rodent performance in low- and some high-level cognitive tasks. Given astronaut use of touchscreen platforms during training and space flight and given the ability of rodent touchscreen tasks to assess functional integrity of brain circuits and multiple cognitive domains in a non-aversive way, here we exposed 6-month-old C57BL/6J male mice to whole-body space radiation and subsequently assessed them on a touchscreen battery.

Whole-Body C Irradiation Transiently Decreases Mouse Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus Proliferation and Immature Neuron Number, but Does Not Change New Neuron Survival Rate.

High-charge and -energy (HZE) particles comprise space radiation and they pose a challenge to astronauts on deep space missions. While exposure to most HZE particles decreases neurogenesis in the hippocampus-a brain structure important in memory-prior work suggests that C does not. However, much about C's influence on neurogenesis remains unknown, including the time course of its impact on neurogenesis.

Whole-Body Exposure to Si-Radiation Dose-Dependently Disrupts Dentate Gyrus Neurogenesis and Proliferation in the Short Term and New Neuron Survival and Contextual Fear Conditioning in the Long Term.

Astronauts traveling to Mars will be exposed to chronic low doses of galactic cosmic space radiation, which contains highly charged, high-energy (HZE) particles. Fe-HZE-particle exposure decreases hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) neurogenesis and disrupts hippocampal function in young adult rodents, raising the possibility of impaired astronaut cognition and risk of mission failure. However, far less is known about how exposure to other HZE particles, such as Si, influences hippocampal neurogenesis and function.

Acute and fractionated exposure to high-LET (56)Fe HZE-particle radiation both result in similar long-term deficits in adult hippocampal neurogenesis.

Astronauts on multi-year interplanetary missions will be exposed to a low, chronic dose of high-energy, high-charge particles. Studies in rodents show acute, nonfractionated exposure to these particles causes brain changes such as fewer adult-generated hippocampal neurons and stem cells that may be detrimental to cognition and mood regulation and thus compromise mission success. However, the influence of a low, chronic dose of these particles on neurogenesis and stem cells is unknown.

Defining the conformational features of anchorless, poorly neuroinvasive prions.

Infectious prions cause diverse clinical signs and form an extraordinary range of structures, from amorphous aggregates to fibrils. How the conformation of a prion dictates the disease phenotype remains unclear. Mice expressing GPI-anchorless or GPI-anchored prion protein exposed to the same infectious prion develop fibrillar or nonfibrillar aggregates, respectively, and show a striking divergence in the disease pathogenesis.

Structure of the β2-α2 loop and interspecies prion transmission.

Prions are misfolded, aggregated conformers of the prion protein that can be transmitted between species. The precise determinants of interspecies transmission remain unclear, although structural similarity between the infectious prion and host prion protein is required for efficient conversion to the misfolded conformer. The β2-α2 loop region of endogenous prion protein, PrP(C), has been implicated in barriers to prion transmission.

Prion infection promotes extensive accumulation of α-synuclein in aged human α-synuclein transgenic mice.

In neurodegenerative disorders of the aging population, misfolded proteins, such as PrP(Sc), α-synuclein, amyloid β protein and tau, can interact resulting in enhanced aggregation, cross seeding and accelerated disease progression. Previous reports have shown that in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and scrapie, α-synuclein accumulates near PrP(Sc) deposits. However, it is unclear if pre-existing human α-synuclein aggregates modified prion disease pathogenesis, or if PrP(Sc) exacerbates the α-synuclein pathology.

Biochemical properties of highly neuroinvasive prion strains.

Infectious prions propagate from peripheral entry sites into the central nervous system (CNS), where they cause progressive neurodegeneration that ultimately leads to death. Yet the pathogenesis of prion disease can vary dramatically depending on the strain, or conformational variant of the aberrantly folded and aggregated protein, PrP(Sc). Although most prion strains invade the CNS, some prion strains cannot gain entry and do not cause clinical signs of disease.

Review of treatment response in rheumatoid arthritis: assessment of heterogeneity.

Objective: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic, progressive, inflammatory disorder. The primary goals of treatment in RA are to reduce the signs and symptoms of disease, prevent progression of joint damage and improve patients' physical function. Patients with different sociodemographic characteristics, varying degrees of severity of illness, and comorbidities tend to exhibit differential response to treatment.

Running reduces stress and enhances cell genesis in aged mice.

Cell proliferation and neurogenesis are diminished in the aging mouse dentate gyrus. However, it is not known whether isolated or social living affects cell genesis and stress levels in old animals. To address this question, aged (17-18 months old) female C57Bl/6 mice were single or group housed, under sedentary or running conditions.

Epidemiology, public health burden, and treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain: a review.

Objective: The literature examining the epidemiology, quality of life burden, cost, and treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy pain (DPNP) in U.S. adults was reviewed.

Prevalence and the associated burden of illness of symptoms of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and diabetic retinopathy.

Background: We estimated the prevalence and the associated burden of illness of symptoms of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (SDPN), diabetic retinopathy (DR), and comorbid SDPN and DR among people with diabetes in the United States aged > or =40 years.

Methods: Analyses were conducted on 850 respondents aged > or =40 years with diagnosed diabetes from the combined 1999-2000 and 2001-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Sampling weights were used to estimate the number of people with diabetes who have SDPN, DR, or comorbid SDPN and DR.

Plant-derived flavanol (-)epicatechin enhances angiogenesis and retention of spatial memory in mice.

Diet and exercise have a profound impact on brain function. In particular, natural nutrients found in plants may influence neuronal survival and plasticity. Here, we tested whether consumption of a plant-derived flavanol, (-)epicatechin, enhances cognition in sedentary or wheel-running female C57BL/6 mice.

A cross-sectional survey of health state impairment and treatment patterns in patients with postherpetic neuralgia.

Background: Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) develops in 8-24% of patients with herpes zoster. Few studies have evaluated the patient burden and treatment of PHN in general practice.

Objectives: To determine the patient burden of PHN with respect to pain intensity and impact on patient functioning and to characterise treatment patterns and health resource utilisation in general practice.