Effectiveness of Chemical Sanitizers against Typhimurium in Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) Hydroponic Systems: Implications for Food Safety, Crop Quality, and Nutrient Content in Leafy Greens.

Hydroponic farming systems play an increasingly important role in the sustainable production of nutrient-rich foods. The contamination of surfaces in hydroponic fresh produce production poses risks to the food safety of crops, potentially endangering public health and causing economic losses in the industry. While sanitizers are widely used in commercial hydroponic farms, their effectiveness against human pathogens on surfaces and their impact on plant health and quality are not known.

The Disease Triangle of Chestnut: A review of host, pathogen, and environmental interactions of chestnuts cultivated in the eastern United States.

Chestnuts, the edible seeds of the genus Castanea, are a perennial food crop closely tied to the global migration of humans throughout history and have recently been gaining popularity in agriculture and forest restoration in eastern North America. Cultivation of chestnuts yields nutritionally balanced food while fostering economic development, food security, and environmental health. However, diseases and insect pests threaten successful ecological restoration and food production.

Triazole resistance in s isolated from a tomato production environment exposed to propiconazole.

Unlabelled: The emergence of azole-resistant (AR) across the world is an important public health concern. We sought to determine if propiconazole, a demethylase inhibitor (DMI) fungicide, exerted a selective pressure for AR in a tomato production environment following multiple exposures to the fungicide. A tomato field trial was established in 2019 and propiconazole was applied weekly until harvest.

Mitigating Emerging and Reemerging Diseases of Fruit and Vegetable Crops in a Changing Climate.

Fruit and vegetable crops are important sources of nutrition and income globally. Producing these high-value crops requires significant investment of often scarce resources, and, therefore, the risks associated with climate change and accompanying disease pressures are especially important. Climate change influences the occurrence and pressure of plant diseases, enabling new pathogens to emerge and old enemies to reemerge.

Cultivating Food Safety Together: Insights About the Future of Produce Safety in the U.S. Controlled Environment Agriculture Sector.

Controlled environment agriculture (CEA) is a rapidly growing sector that presents unique challenges and opportunities in ensuring food safety. This manuscript highlights critical gaps and needs to promote food safety in CEA systems as identified by stakeholders (n=47) at the Strategizing to Advance Future Extension andResearch (S.A.

Lettuce Contamination and Survival of Typhimurium and in Hydroponic Nutrient Film Technique Systems.

Hydroponic vegetable production is increasing globally, but there is a lack of science-based recommendations to ensure their food safety. Specifically, there is limited evidence for establishing water management strategies. The purpose of this study was to determine the survival of Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes in commercial nutrient flow technology (NFT) systems during the lifecycle of lettuce exposed to sporadic or extreme contamination.

First Report of Neopestalotiopsis Disease in Ohio caused by an emerging and novel species of on Strawberry.

In October 2021, strawberry ( x ) plants (cv. Ruby June) that had dark brown lesions with a diffuse black halo and light brown center and / or dark brown V-shaped necrotic areas often starting from the edge of the leaves were observed in a commercial planting in Washington County. The grower reported 50% incidence in the field when the sample was first submitted and two weeks later reported 80% incidence.

First report of causing anthracnose on Chinese chestnut in the United States.

Culinary chestnut production in the United States (US) is a rapidly growing industry supporting fresh market and value-added industries. An estimated 200-400 new acres of chestnuts are planted every year in the US, with most growers east of the Rocky Mountains planting Chinese chestnut () or Chinese chestnut hybrids. In 2018, Ohio producers of Chinese chestnut reported losses of up to 80% to blossom end rot.

Metagenomic Sequencing for Identification of Xylella fastidiosa from Leaf Samples.

Xylella fastidiosa () is a globally distributed plant-pathogenic bacterium. The primary control strategy for diseases is eradicating infected plants; therefore, timely and accurate detection is necessary to prevent crop losses and further pathogen dispersal. Conventional diagnostics primarily relies on quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays.

Postharvest Survival of Porcine Sapovirus, a Human Norovirus Surrogate, on Phytopathogen-Infected Leafy Greens.

Leafy greens are increasingly being recognized as an important vehicle for human noroviruses (HuNoV), which cause recurring gastroenteritis outbreaks. Leafy greens often become infected by phytopathogens in the field, which may cause symptoms on the edible parts. Whether plant pathogen infections enhance the survival of HuNoV on leafy greens is unknown.

Use of the vital stain FUN-1 indicates viability of Phytophthora capsici propagules and can be used to predict maximum zoospore production.

The fluorescent vital dye FUN®-1 (2-chloro-4-[2,3-dihydro-3-methyl-{benzo-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}-methylidene]-1-phenylquinolinium iodide) was evaluated as a tool to assess Phytophthora capsici sporangia and zoospore metabolic activity and viability. Under aerobic conditions, mycelia, sporangia and zoospores cultured on agar medium and stained with FUN-1 exhibited red fluorescent cylindrical intravacuolar structures (CIVS) that were clearly visible at 100× magnification. Encysted zoospores did not exhibit CIVS after exposure to FUN-1 dye.

Leveraging management strategies for seedborne plant diseases to reduce Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium incidence on tomato seed and seedlings.

Tomatoes have been linked to many outbreaks of salmonellosis over the last decade, but the routes of contamination have yet to be discerned. Many phytopathogens of tomato are seedborne and are effectively managed using seed sanitizers. Seed sanitizers effective against bacterial phytopathogens were evaluated for their efficacy in killing bioluminescent Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strain SeT-A14 on tomato seed infested with moderately high and high levels of pathogen.

Novel Phakopsora pachyrhizi extracellular proteins are ideal targets for immunological diagnostic assays.

Phakopsora pachyrhizi, the causal agent of Asian soybean rust (ASR), continues to spread across the southeast and midsouth regions of the United States, necessitating the use of fungicides by producers. Our objective in this research was to identify ASR proteins expressed early during infection for the development of immunodiagnostic assays. We have identified and partially characterized a small gene family encoding extracellular proteins in the P.

A Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for the Detection of Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum in Banana.

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers (BXW-1 and BXW-3) for conventional PCR were developed from conserved sequences in the hrpB operon of the hrp gene cluster from Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum, the causative agent of banana Xanthomonas wilt (BXW). All 50 strains of X.

Survival and dissemination of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on physically and biologically damaged lettuce plants.

The ecology of the vegetable leaf surface is important to the survival of enteric pathogens. Understanding changes in ecological parameters during the preharvest stages of production can lead to development of approaches to minimize the hazard of contamination of fresh fruits and vegetables with foodborne pathogens. In this study, survival levels of Escherichia coli O157 over a 10-day period were compared among traumatically injured, phytopathogen-damaged, and healthy lettuce plants.

Diversity of Ralstonia solanacearum Infecting Eggplant in the Philippines.

ABSTRACT The diversity of Ralstonia solanacearum strains isolated from eggplant (Solanum melongena) grown in five provinces of the Philippine island group of Luzon was assessed using a recently described hierarchical system. All strains keyed to race 1, biovar 3 or 4. Phylotype-specific multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) indicated that, like most other strains of Asian origin, all the strains in our Philippine collection belong to phylotype I.

Resistance in Lycopersicon esculentum Intraspecific Crosses to Race T1 Strains of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria Causing Bacterial Spot of Tomato.

ABSTRACT We used molecular markers to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) that confer resistance in the field to Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria race T1, a causal agent of bacterial spot of tomato. An F(2) population derived from a cross between Hawaii 7998 (H 7998) and an elite breeding line, Ohio 88119, was used for the initial identification of an association between molecular markers and resistance as measured by bacterial populations in individual plants in the greenhouse.

An Immunofluorescence Assay to Detect Urediniospores of Phakopsora pachyrhizi.

An indirect immunofluorescence spore assay (IFSA) was developed to detect urediniospores of Phakopsora pachyrhizi, utilizing rabbit polyclonal antisera produced in response to intact nongerminated (SBR1A) or germinated (SBR2) urediniospores of P. pachyrhizi. Both antisera were specific to Phakopsora spp.

Gibberella xylarioides (anamorph: Fusarium xylarioides), a causative agent of coffee wilt disease in Africa, is a previously unrecognized member of the G. fujikuroi species complex.

Tracheomycosis or coffee wilt has emerged as a major disease of robusta coffee in Uganda in the past 10 years. Coffee wilt historically has been associated with Fusarium xylarioides Steyaert (teleomorph Gibberella xylarioides Heim and Sacc.), a species that has been classified as a member of Fusarium section Lateritium.

Identification and Management of Colletotrichum acutatum on Immature Bell Peppers.

Farmers in northwestern Ohio reported severe losses due to anthracnose in immature (green) bell pepper as early as 1998. Two fungal isolates (AN1 and AN2) were recovered from immature fruit showing severe anthracnose symptoms. The pathogen was identified as Colletotrichum acutatum based on morphological and cultural characteristics, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay with the C.