How can pediatric surgeons address racism and become actively anti-racist?

Background/purpose: This is an article submitted on behalf of the Canadian Association of Pediatric Surgeons. We assert that Pediatric Surgeons must work to dismantle systemic racism. Pediatric Surgeons have expertise in both common and rare surgical diseases affecting patients ranging from premature neonates to adolescents.

The prevalence of hearing loss in children with congenital diaphragmatic hernia: A longitudinal population-based study.

Background: The true prevalence of hearing loss among children with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is unknown, with some studies reporting rates up to 60%.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of hearing loss among children with CDH and compare it to age-matched controls.

Methods: We used population-based datasets to compare the number of hearing loss diagnoses in children younger than 10 years-of-age born between 1992 and 2009 with CDH to date-of-birth matched controls without CDH.

High-frequency vs. conventional ventilation at the time of CDH repair is not associated with higher mortality and oxygen dependency: a retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: The VICI-trial reported that in patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), mortality or bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) were equivalent using conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) and high-frequency oscillatory ventilation. The purpose of this study was to determine if the mode of ventilation at the time of CDH repair affected mortality or oxygen dependence at 28 days.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of infants born wih CDH from 1991 to 2015.

Conference proceeding from the annual meeting of the Canadian Association of Pediatric Surgeons: "Caring for indigenous children: A CAPS perspective".

In 2015, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission called for health care institutions to address structural barriers that affect Indigenous families seeking health care in Canada. Pediatric care centers in Canada have failed to adequately address these, resulting in continued negative and life-threatening impacts on Indigenous children and families across Canada. Indigenous (First Nations, Metis, and Inuit) families across Canada "have an equal right to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health" according to the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.

Asthma Medication Use in Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Survivors: A Retrospective Population Level Data Analysis.

Introduction:  The purpose of this study was to determine if congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) survivors had worse long-term respiratory outcomes compared with age-matched controls, as measured by inhaled bronchodilator use, inhaled steroid use, and asthma-related physician visits.

Materials And Methods:  We performed a retrospective case-control study of infants with isolated CDH from 1991 to 2013. The primary outcome measures were inhaled bronchodilator prescriptions, inhaled steroid prescriptions, and asthma-related physician visits between 0 and 5 years of age and between 5 and 10 years of age.

The presence of a hernia sac in isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia is associated with less disease severity: A retrospective cohort study.

Introduction: We aimed to determine if the presence of a hernia sac in neonates with isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) was associated with better clinical outcomes.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of infants with isolated CDH from 1991 to 2015. Primary outcome measures were oxygen-dependence and mortality at 28 days.

A study of calretinin in Hirschsprung pathology, particularly in total colonic aganglionosis.

Introduction: Calretinin, a calcium-binding protein, has been reported to be an important new marker in Hirschsprung's disease (HD). The aim is to study the diagnostic value of Calretinin in total colonic aganglionosis (TA), prematurity, and superficial biopsy when nerve hyperplasia may not be accessed by ACE activity.

Methods: Records of patients diagnosed with HD at our institution from 1985 to 2010 were studied and patients with TA identified.

A mechanism of airway injury in an epithelial model of mucociliary clearance.

We studied the action of sodium metabisulphite on mucociliary transport in a frog palate epithelial injury model, hypothesizing that it may be useful for the study of mechanisms of airway injury. Sodium metabisulphite (MB) releases SO2 on contact with water. SO2 is a pollutant in automobile fumes and may play a role in the exacerbation of airway disease symptoms.