A high-fat and fructose diet in dogs mirrors insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction characteristic of impaired glucose tolerance in humans.

This study examined the impact of a hypercaloric high-fat high-fructose diet (HFFD) in dogs as a potential model for human impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The HFFD not only led to weight gain but also triggered metabolic alterations akin to the precursors of human T2DM, notably insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. Following the HFFD intervention, the dogs exhibited a 50% decrease in insulin sensitivity within the first four weeks, paralleling observations in the progression from normal to IGT in humans.

Peripherally delivered hepatopreferential insulin analog insulin-406 mimics the hypoglycaemia-sparing effect of portal vein human insulin infusion in dogs.

Aims: We previously quantified the hypoglycaemia-sparing effect of portal vs peripheral human insulin delivery. The current investigation aimed to determine whether a bioequivalent peripheral vein infusion of a hepatopreferential insulin analog, insulin-406, could similarly protect against hypoglycaemia.

Materials And Methods: Dogs received human insulin infusions into either the hepatic portal vein (PoHI, n = 7) or a peripheral vein (PeHI, n = 7) for 180 minutes at four-fold the basal secretion rate (6.

Hepatic and Whole-Body Insulin Metabolism during Proestrus and Estrus in Mongrel Dogs.

Insulin resistance occurs during various stages of the estrus cycle in dogs. To quantify the effects of proestrus-estrus (PE) and determine whether PE affects liver insulin sensitivity, 11 female mongrel dogs were implanted with sampling and intraportal infusion catheters. Five of the dogs (PE group) entered proestrus after surgery; those remaining in anestrus were controls.

Insulin Delivery Into the Peripheral Circulation: A Key Contributor to Hypoglycemia in Type 1 Diabetes.

Hypoglycemia limits optimal glycemic control in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), making novel strategies to mitigate it desirable. We hypothesized that portal (Po) vein insulin delivery would lessen hypoglycemia. In the conscious dog, insulin was infused into the hepatic Po vein or a peripheral (Pe) vein at a rate four times of basal.

Portal glucose infusion exerts an incretin effect associated with changes in pancreatic neural activity in conscious dogs.

We sought to determine whether an incretin effect could be observed when glucose was infused via the hepatic portal (Po) vein versus a peripheral (Pe) vein. Identical hyperglycemia (155 +/- 7 and 154 +/- 8 mg/dL, respectively) was produced in 2 groups (n = 9 each) of conscious dogs by Po or Pe glucose infusion. During glucose infusion, arterial plasma insulin levels increased by 28 +/- 5 and 16 +/- 3 microU/mL in Po and Pe, respectively (P <.