The New Era of Long-Acting Antiretroviral Therapy: When and Why to Make the Switch.

Purpose Of Review: Despite the availability of safe and effective oral combination antiretroviral therapy, barriers to maintaining viral suppression remain a challenge to ending the HIV epidemic. Long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy was developed as an alternative to daily oral therapy. This review summarizes the current literature on the efficacy of long-acting cabotegravir plus rilpivirine for the treatment of HIV-1, reasons to switch to injectable therapy, and barriers to switching.

The Five Ds of Outpatient Antibiotic Stewardship for Urinary Tract Infections.

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are one of the most common indications for antibiotic prescriptions in the outpatient setting. Given rising rates of antibiotic resistance among uropathogens, antibiotic stewardship is critically needed to improve outpatient antibiotic use, including in outpatient clinics (primary care and specialty clinics) and emergency departments. Outpatient clinics are in general a neglected practice area in antibiotic stewardship programs, yet most antibiotic use in the United States is in the outpatient setting.

Organizational readiness assessment in acute and long-term care has important implications for antibiotic stewardship for asymptomatic bacteriuria.

Background: Prior to implementing an antibiotic stewardship intervention for asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB), we assessed institutional barriers to change using the Organizational Readiness to Change Assessment.

Methods: Surveys were self-administered on paper in inpatient medicine and long-term care units at 4 Veterans Affairs facilities. Participants included providers, nurses, and pharmacists.