Characterising metabolic resistance in pyrethroid-insensitive pollen beetle (Meligethes aeneus F.) from Poland and Switzerland.

Background: Pollen beetle (Meligethes aeneus F.) has become the most important pest of oilseed rape in Europe, but its control has been greatly hindered by pyrethroid resistance. Target-site resistance has been implicated previously, and, whilst synergism has been found with piperonyl butoxide (PBO), the exact nature of metabolic resistance has remained unknown.