Mispatterning and interneuron deficit in Tourette Syndrome basal ganglia organoids.

Tourette Syndrome (TS) is a neuropsychiatric disorder thought to involve a reduction of basal ganglia (BG) interneurons and malfunctioning of the BG circuitry. However, whether interneurons fail to develop or are lost postnatally remains unknown. To investigate the pathophysiology of early development in TS, induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived BG organoids from TS patients and healthy controls were compared on multiple levels of measurement and analysis.

Role of SHH in Patterning Human Pluripotent Cells towards Ventral Forebrain Fates.

The complexities of human neurodevelopment have historically been challenging to decipher but continue to be of great interest in the contexts of healthy neurobiology and disease. The classic animal models and monolayer in vitro systems have limited the types of questions scientists can strive to answer in addition to the technical ability to answer them. However, the tridimensional human stem cell-derived organoid system provides the unique opportunity to model human development and mimic the diverse cellular composition of human organs.

Early developmental asymmetries in cell lineage trees in living individuals.

Mosaic mutations can be used to track cell lineages in humans. We used cell cloning to analyze embryonic cell lineages in two living individuals and a postmortem human specimen. Of 10 reconstructed postzygotic divisions, none resulted in balanced contributions of daughter lineages to tissues.

Metacognition, Formative Assessment, and Student Perspective: Learning About Metacognition Through In-Class Comparison of Response Systems.

Purpose: Educators influence learning context through, among other things, triadic reciprocal causation-a behavioral model used in social cognitive theory. Eliciting responses from learners during instruction may contribute to learning by engaging their metacognition. In this study, metacognition was examined based on learners' experience with 2 different polling methods: student response systems (SRS), commonly known as "clickers," and a low-technology response system (LTRS), where students raise labeled signs, each with a different response.

The benefits and challenges of providing nursing student clinical rotations in the intensive care unit.

The goal of providing a clinical rotation in a basic nursing program is to integrate skills and knowledge from the classroom setting into the clinical practice setting. In the intensive care unit (ICU), nursing students have the ability to learn about the complex health issues of critically ill patients, practice selected technical skills, and develop communication skills. There are both benefits and challenges to having nursing students in the intensive care setting.