Autologous humanized PDX modeling for immuno-oncology recapitulates features of the human tumor microenvironment.

Background: Interactions between immune and tumor cells are critical to determining cancer progression and response. In addition, preclinical prediction of immune-related drug efficacy is limited by interspecies differences between human and mouse, as well as inter-person germline and somatic variation. To address these gaps, we developed an autologous system that models the tumor microenvironment (TME) from individual patients with solid tumors.

Expanding the toolbox: another auxotrophic marker for targeted gene integrations in Trichoderma reesei.

Background: The filamentous ascomycete Trichoderma reesei is used for the industrial production of cellulases and holds the promise for heterologous gene expression due to its outstandingly high protein secretion rates and its long-term application in industry and science. A prerequisite for successful heterologous gene expression is the ability to insert a corresponding expression cassette at suitable loci in the genome of T. reesei.