Understanding the journey towards rabies vaccination for travellers: Results of a cross-sectional survey with patients and providers in the US, Germany, Sweden, and Switzerland.

Background: Although cases of rabies in international travellers are uncommon, they are a fatal risk which can be alleviated through vaccination prior to travel. As international travel recovers post-COVID, it is vital that travellers are made aware of the risk of rabies when travelling to endemic countries and supported to receive the vaccine when eligible.

Methods: Online surveys were conducted in the US, Germany, Sweden and Switzerland between November 2022-January 2023 with both patients and healthcare providers (HCPs).

Transfer of cetirizine/levocetirizine into human breast milk and estimation of drug exposure to infants through breastfeeding: A human lactation study from the ConcePTION project.

Data on drug transfer into human breast milk are sparse. This study aimed to quantify concentrations of cetirizine and levocetirizine in breast milk and to estimate drug exposure to infants. Breastfeeding women at least 8 weeks postpartum and using cetirizine or its pure (R)-enantiomer levocetirizine were eligible to participate.

Differential Blood-Brain Barrier Transport and Cell Uptake of Cyclic Peptides In Vivo and In Vitro.

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) poses major challenges to drug delivery to the CNS. SFTI-1 and kalata B1 are cyclic cell-penetrating peptides (cCPPs) with high potential to be used as scaffolds for drug delivery. We here studied their transport across the BBB and distribution within the brain to gauge the potential of these two cCPPs as scaffolds for CNS drugs.

Antibiotic use in pre-school children and the correlation with adult educational levels in two Nordic counties: a replication of a 20-year-old study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the change of antibiotic prescribing in pre-school children in the municipalities of the former Copenhagen County in Denmark and Skåne County in Sweden after 20 years of antibiotic stewardship effort. Furthermore, the variation in the prescribing of antibiotics between the municipalities and the correlation between municipal adult educational level and antibiotic prescribing in pre-school children was assessed.

Methods: In this ecological study, information on antibiotic prescribing in pre-school children was obtained from a central pharmacy settlement system in each Region.

Uncomplicated urinary tract infection in primary health care: presentation and clinical outcome.

Background: Uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI) causes bothersome symptoms among women and is a leading cause for antibiotic prescribing in primary healthcare (PHC).

Methods: A prospective observational study in eight different PHC centres in Sweden including 192 women with symptoms of uncomplicated UTI. Questionnaires and symptom diaries were used to retrieve patient data.

Different antibiotic regimes in men diagnosed with lower urinary tract infection - a retrospective register-based study.

Objective: To compare the proportion of therapy failure, recurrence and complications within 30 days after consultation between men diagnosed with lower urinary tract infection (UTI) treated with narrow-spectrum antibiotics (nitrofurantoin or pivmecillinam) and broad-spectrum antibiotics (fluoroquinolones or trimethoprim or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole).

Design: A retrospective cohort study based on data derived from electronic medical records between January 2012 and December 2015.

Setting: Primary health care and hospital care in five different counties in Sweden.

Contraceptive use at the time of and after an ectopic pregnancy: a retrospective cohort study.

Approximately, 1-2% of all pregnancies are ectopic; 25% of unintended pregnancies are conceived despite the use of contraception. The primary objective of our study was to explore the proportion of ectopic pregnancies (EPs) that were conceived during contraceptive use among women in Stockholm County. Secondary objectives were to establish the prevalence of contraceptive methods used at the time of EP and the intended contraceptive method after treatment completion.

Antibiotic-prescribing and antibiotic-resistance patterns among elderly citizens residing in two Nordic regions.

The objective of this study was to compare antibiotic-prescribing rates in 2016 and antibiotic-resistance rates in 2017 among citizens aged ≥85 years between the Capital Region in Denmark and the Skåne Region in Sweden, with regards to overall antibiotic use and antibiotics of choice for urinary tract infections (UTIs) and skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs). Inhabitants ≥85 year old on the date of prescription during 2016 and residing in the Capital Region or the Skåne Region were included for antibiotic-prescription analyses. Samples from 2017 from residents of the same regions who were ≥85 years old were included for antibiotic-resistance analyses.

Increased adherence to treatment guidelines in patients with urinary tract infection in primary care: A retrospective study.

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is common in primary care and leads to a high number of antibiotic prescriptions. Antimicrobial resistance is a global health problem; better antimicrobial prescribing is one way to limit antimicrobial resistance. We aimed to describe the number of consultations for patients diagnosed with lower urinary tract infection (LUTI) and pyelonephritis and changes in prescribing of antibiotics to men and women with LUTI and pyelonephritis in Swedish PHC between the years 2008 and 2013.

Violent Boyhoods, Masculine Honor Ideology, and Political Violence: Survey Findings From Thailand.

Throughout history, those who have participated in political violence have predominantly been male young adults. At the same time, we know that most young men will not use violence for political protest. So what distinguishes those who do from those who do not? In this article, we link psychological research on the intergenerational effects of violence in the family to violence in the political arena.

Uncomplicated urinary tract infections in Swedish primary care; etiology, resistance and treatment.

Background: Uncomplicated urinary tract infection (uUTI) is common and a majority of patients are prescribed antibiotics. There is little knowledge about antibiotic resistance in urine samples from patients with uUTI in primary health care (PHC). The aim was to describe antibiotic treatment, bacterial findings, the prevalence of resistant E.

Levonorgestrel intrauterine contraceptive systems (13.5 mg and 52 mg) and risk of ectopic pregnancy.

Introduction: The objective was to investigate the Pearl index for ectopic pregnancy in women using the levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) at the time of conception.

Material And Methods: This was a substudy of a hospital-based historical cohort including women with an ectopic pregnancy diagnosed in 4 referral hospitals in Stockholm, Sweden between December 2013 and April 2017. Study participants and type of contraception at time of conception were identified through the electronic medical chart system.

Perceptions of rabies risk: a survey of travellers and travel clinics from Canada, Germany, Sweden and the UK.

Background: Extensive global experience shows that rabies pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) through vaccination is effective and well tolerated, yet many travellers opt not to be vaccinated when travelling to rabies-endemic countries. Previous research has identified several factors influencing the choices travellers make to reduce the risk of rabies, including cost, time constraint and perspective on the importance of vaccination. The objectives of this study were to assess travellers' awareness of rabies and advice-seeking attitudes and to evaluate travel clinics practices regarding rabies pre-travel advice.

Perceptions of tick-borne encephalitis risk: a survey of travellers and travel clinics from Canada, Germany, Sweden and the UK.

Background: While the worldwide endemicity of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) has been increasing, a lack of awareness of the risks of this life-threatening disease may be leading to an underutilization of preventive measures among travellers to TBE-endemic regions. This study's objectives were to assess travellers' awareness of TBE and advice-seeking attitudes, and to evaluate practices of travel clinics regarding pre-travel advice.

Methods: We used an online questionnaire to identify individuals aged 18-65 years residing in the UK, Germany, Canada and Sweden, who had travelled to TBE-endemic countries between 2013 and 2016.

Comparison of antibiotic prescribing and antimicrobial resistance in urinary tract infections at the municipal level among women in two Nordic regions.

Objectives: To describe and compare the prescribing of antibiotics used for urinary tract infections and its correlation with resistance in Escherichia coli in urinary samples across two adjacent regions-the Capital Region and the Skaane Region-and their municipalities in Denmark and Sweden.

Methods: The Capital Region consists of 29 municipalities and 725 960 female inhabitants aged ≥18 years and the Skaane Region consists of 33 municipalities and 515 668 female inhabitants aged ≥18 years. Aggregated data from outpatient care on the prescribing of pivmecillinam, trimethoprim and nitrofurantoin from both regions were analysed.

Children with respiratory tract infections in Swedish primary care; prevalence of antibiotic resistance in common respiratory tract pathogens and relation to antibiotic consumption.

Background: The majority of antibiotics consumed in developed countries are prescribed in primary care. However, little is known about resistance levels in the primary care population.

Method: Nasopharyngeal cultures were obtained from children, 0-10 years of age, seeking care at their Primary Health Care Centre with symptoms of respiratory tract infection.

Eradication of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) throat carriage: a randomised trial comparing topical treatment with rifampicin-based systemic therapy.

Eradication of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonisation may prevent transmission of strains between patients and reduces the risk of clinical infection. Colonisation of the throat is associated with prolonged carriage and is more difficult to eradicate. An open randomised study was conducted to evaluate two eradication protocols.

Reduction in antibiotic prescribing for respiratory tract infections in Swedish primary care- a retrospective study of electronic patient records.

Background: Swedish studies on antibiotic use in primary care have been based on one-week registrations of infections. In order to study adherence to guidelines, analyses based on large databases that provide information on diagnosis linked prescriptions, are needed. This study describes trends in management of infections in Swedish primary care particularly with regards to antibiotic prescribing and adherence to national guidelines.

In-depth neuropharmacokinetic analysis of antipsychotics based on a novel approach to estimate unbound target-site concentration in CNS regions: link to spatial receptor occupancy.

The current study provides a novel in-depth assessment of the extent of antipsychotic drugs transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) into various brain regions, as well as across the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB). This is combined with an estimation of cellular barrier transport and a systematic evaluation of nonspecific brain tissue binding. The study is based on the new Combinatory Mapping Approach (CMA), here further developed for the assessment of unbound drug neuropharmacokinetics in regions of interest (ROI), referred as CMA-ROI.

Improved method for quantitative analysis of the cyclotide kalata B1 in plasma and brain homogenate.

This study provides a new method for quantifying the cyclotide kalata B1 in both plasma and brain homogenate. Cyclotides are ultra-stable peptides with three disulfide bonds that are interesting from a drug development perspective as they can be used as scaffolds. In this study we describe a new validated LC-MS/MS method with high sensitivity and specificity for kalata B1.

Acetic acid as a decontamination method for sink drains in a nosocomial outbreak of metallo-β-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa may colonize water systems via biofilm formation. In hospital environments, contaminated sinks have been associated with nosocomial transmission. Here we describe a prolonged outbreak of a metallo-β-lactamase-producing P.

Light Localization and Magneto-Optic Enhancement in Ni Antidot Arrays.

We reveal an explicit strategy to design the magneto-optic response of a magneto-plasmonic crystal by correlating near- and far-fields effects. We use photoemission electron microscopy to map the spatial distribution of the electric near-field on a nanopatterned magnetic surface that supports plasmon polaritons. By using different photon energies and polarization states of the incident light we reveal that the electric near-field is either concentrated in spots forming a hexagonal lattice with the same symmetry as the Ni nanopattern or in stripes oriented along the Γ-K direction of the lattice and perpendicular to the polarization direction.