Mapping the distribution of tuberculosis cases and associated factors identified through routine program implementation and community-based active screening in Central Ethiopia.

Background: Smear-positive TB patients greatly contribute to community-level transmission of this disease. Locating hotspots would make it easier to prioritize and target control interventions. This study aimed to assess the spatial distribution of smear-positive index TB cases and their secondary cases and the predictors of clustering of smear-positive TB cases.

Molecular epidemiology and drug sensitivity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in homeless individuals in the Addis Ababa city, Ethiopia.

Although homeless segment of the society could be the hotspots for tuberculosis (TB) transmission, there is little data on TB in homeless individuals in Ethiopia. The objective of this study was to investigate the molecular epidemiology and drug sensitivity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) isolated from homeless individuals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

A smooth tubercle bacillus from Ethiopia phylogenetically close to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex.

The Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) includes several human- and animal-adapted pathogens. It is thought to have originated in East Africa from a recombinogenic Mycobacterium canettii-like ancestral pool. Here, we describe the discovery of a clinical tuberculosis strain isolated in Ethiopia that shares archetypal phenotypic and genomic features of M.

Detection of and rifampicin resistance by Xpert® MTB/RIF assay among presumptive tuberculosis patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from 2014 to 2021.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the frequencies and trends of and rifampicin resistance among presumptive tuberculosis patients in Ethiopia, who were tested using the Xpert MTB/RIF assay between 2014 and 2021.

Methods: Data were collected retrospectively from patient registries. Laboratory-based data were extracted from the national tuberculosis (TB) referral laboratory database.

Pre-extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis among multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients in Ethiopia: a laboratory-based surveillance study.

Background: The rise of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) has presented a substantial challenge to the national tuberculosis (TB) control program. Understanding the epidemiology of pre-extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (pre-XDR-TB) could help clinicians to adapt MDR-TB treatment regimens at an earlier stage. This study aimed to assess second-line anti-TB drug resistance among MDR-TB patients in Ethiopia using routine laboratory-based data.

A glimpse into the genotype and clinical importance of non tuberculous mycobacteria among pulmonary tuberculosis patients: The case of Ethiopia.

Laboratory identification of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) species is not regularly performed while, they have a public health importance with a prevalence of more than 5% among pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients in Ethiopia. Hence, this study aimed to identify the NTM species and their clinical significance among PTB patients. A retrospective study was conducted at the Ethiopian Public Health Institution's (EPHI's) national TB referral laboratory.

Drug sensitivity of clinical isolates of and its association with bacterial genotype in the Somali region, Eastern Ethiopia.

Background: Drug resistance is becoming a major bottleneck for tuberculosis (TB) control programs in countries with high TB burdens. Although several studies were conducted on the drug sensitivity of () in central Ethiopia, there is a lack of data on the drug sensitivity of in the peripheral regions of the country including in the Somali region. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the drug sensitivity of and its association with bacterial genotype and evaluate the performance of Xpert MTB/RIF (Xpert) in detecting resistance to rifampicin (RIF).

Magnitude of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, drug resistance and associated factors among presumptive tuberculosis patients at St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) remains one of the most significant causes of death and a major public health problem in the community. As a result, the aim of this study was to determine magnitude of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, its drug resistance, and associated factors among presumptive tuberculosis (TB) patients at St.

Quality assurance practices in tuberculosis diagnostic health facilities in Ethiopia.

Introduction: The quality of tuberculosis laboratory services in health facilities is a mandatory component of detecting active pulmonary TB cases and treatment follow-up. However, ensuring the quality of laboratory test results is a concern. This study aimed to assess the quality assurance practices in the tuberculosis diagnostic health facilities of Ethiopia.

Diagnostic accuracy of Truenat Tuberculosis and Rifampicin-Resistance assays in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Background: Rapid and sensitive Tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis closer to patients is a key global TB control priority. Truenat assays (MTB, MTB Plus, and MTB-RIF Dx) are new TB molecular diagnostic tools for the detection of TB and Rifampicin (RIF)-resistance from sputum samples. The diagnostic accuracy of the assays is needed prior to implementation in clinical use in Ethiopia.

The Effect of Long-Term HAART on the Incidence of Tuberculosis Among People Living with HIV in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Matched Nested Case-Control Study.

Background: The introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) significantly decreases the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWHIV). However, a considerable proportion is still co-infected with TB after ART initiation. Thus, this study aimed to assess the effect of long-term HAART on the incidence of TB among PLWHIV in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

The Epidemiology of first and second-line drug-resistance Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex common species: Evidence from selected TB treatment initiating centers in Ethiopia.

Background: Drug-resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex remains a major health burden in human history and still is a major leading cause of death in developing countries including Ethiopia. Early detection of all forms of drug-resistant Tuberculosis(TB) is a key factor to reduce and contain the spread of these resistant strains.

Methods: A health facility-based cross-sectional study was employed, based on demographic, clinical, and laboratory data collected from 204 patients with bacteriological confirmed TB.

Incidence and predictors of extrapulmonary tuberculosis among people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: Extrapulmonary tuberculosis is an emerging public health problem among HIV positives compared to the general population. This study aimed to assess the incidence and predictors of extrapulmonary tuberculosis among people living with HIV in selected health facilities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, from 01 January 2013 up to 31 December 2018.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study design was employed based on data collected from 566 HIV positive individuals.

Incidence and determinants of tuberculosis among HIV-positive individuals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A retrospective cohort study.

Objective: To assess the incidence and determinants of tuberculosis (TB) among HIV-positive individuals in selected health facilities of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, during the period January 2013 to December 2018.

Methods: Data were collected from the records of 566 HIV-positive individuals. A retrospective cohort study design was employed.

Does Xpert® MTB/RIF assay give rifampicin resistance results without identified mutation? Review of cases from Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Background: Xpert® MTB/RIF assay is currently used in Ethiopia for the rapid diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and mutations that confer Rifampicin resistance. Rifampicin resistance is determined based on any mutation in the 81 bp of rpoB gene using five overlapping probes represented as Probe A (codons 507-511), Probe B (codons 512-518), Probe C (codons 518-523), Probe D (codons 523-529) and Probe E (codons 529-533). In this review, we assessed the frequency of missed probe types for Rifampicin Resistance results.