Overall and patient-specific comparative effectiveness of dimethyl fumarate versus teriflunomide: A novel approach to precision medicine applied to the German NeuroTrans Data Multiple Sclerosis Registry.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) comparative effectiveness research needs to go beyond average treatment effects (ATEs) and post-host subgroup analyses.

Objective: This retrospective study assessed overall and patient-specific effects of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) versus teriflunomide (TERI) in patients with relapsing-remitting MS.

Methods: A novel precision medicine (PM) scoring approach leverages advanced machine learning methods and adjusts for imbalances in baseline characteristics between patients receiving different treatments.