Diagnostic image legend quality in the oral and maxillofacial radiology published literature: a pilot study.

This pilot study aimed to evaluate the quality of legends associated with diagnostic images in the published oral and maxillofacial radiology literature using a novel rating scale. Images and their corresponding legends were randomly selected from published manuscripts over the last ten years in the Oral Radiology journals, namely Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Imaging Science in Dentistry, Oral Radiology, and Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology. An Image Legend Quality Scale (ILQS) was introduced to assess the quality of the legends associated with images.

Dental caries and adolescent cardiometabolic health from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Background And Aims: To assess the association between dental caries and cardiometabolic risk in adolescents.

Methods And Results: The analysis included adolescents aged 13-17 years enrolled in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2018 who completed an Oral Health Examination. Untreated caries was defined as having one or more decayed teeth.

Preventative dental practices and cardiometabolic health in adolescents.

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between preventative dental practices and cardiometabolic health in adolescents.

Method And Materials: Analysis included children aged 13 to 17 years enrolled in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2018 who completed an Oral Health Examination and Questionnaire. Deferred dental care was defined as not having a dental visit in the past year.

Craniofacial disorders and dysplasias: Molecular, clinical, and management perspectives.

There is a wide spectrum of craniofacial bone disorders and dysplasias because embryological development of the craniofacial region is complex. Classification of craniofacial bone disorders and dysplasias is also complex because they exhibit complex clinical, pathological, and molecular heterogeneity. Most craniofacial disorders and dysplasias are rare but they present an array of phenotypes that functionally impact the orofacial complex.

Oral Health Outcomes In An HIV Cohort With Comorbidities- Implementation Roadmap For A Longitudinal Prospective Observational Study.

Long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART) perpetually suppresses HIV load and has dramatically altered the prognosis of HIV infection, such that HIV is now regarded as a chronic disease. Side effects of ART in Patients With HIV (PWH), has introduced new challenges including "metabolic" (systemic) and oral complications. Furthermore, inflammation persists despite great viral load suppression and normal levels of CD4 cell count.

Oral health outcomes in an HIV cohort with comorbidities- implementation roadmap for a longitudinal prospective observational study.

Background: Long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART) perpetually suppresses HIV load and has dramatically altered the prognosis of HIV infection, such that HIV is now regarded as a chronic disease. Side effects of ART in Patients With HIV (PWH), has introduced new challenges including "metabolic" (systemic) and oral complications. Furthermore, inflammation persists despite great viral load suppression and normal levels of CD4 cell count.

A Pregnant Patient (First Trimester) Reporting for Pain in Relation to the Maxillary Left First Molar Was Prescribed a Full Mouth Series Radiographs in the Dental Office.

This case scenario shows the value of conducting a thorough clinical examination that will direct appropriate radiographic selection and prescription criteria to be able to arrive at a diagnosis. Proper management of a patient's chief complaint and imaging needs during pregnancy is of utmost importance. It is prudent to limit ionizing radiation during the first trimester to what is minimally needed and defer elective imaging until after the birth of the baby.

A Patient Diagnosed with Bulimia Reports to the Dental Office Seeking Cosmetic Dental Work.

Bulimia nervosa (BN) is a serious psychiatric illness that typically occurs in adolescents and young adults. It is characterized by recurring episodes of consuming large amounts of food with an inappropriate compensatory behavior of purging to prevent weight gain. The purging behavior results in oral manifestations such as dental erosion, dental caries, sialadenosis, and oral mucosal trauma.

A Patient with Herpes Zoster of the Maxillary Division of Trigeminal Nerve Presents for Oral Evaluation and Toothache.

Herpes zoster (HZ) is an acute and painful neurocutaneous infection caused by the reactivation of a latent varicella-zoster virus in the dorsal root or cranial nerve ganglia. It is characterized by 3 stages: prodromal, acute, and chronic. During the prodromal stage, reactivation in the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve closely mimics odontalgia, and HZ should be in the differential diagnosis.

A Patient Presents for Dental Extraction and Goes into Sickle Cell Crisis in the Dental Chair.

Sickle Cell Disease is an inherited autosomal recessive hemoglobinopathy associated with multiorgan damage. This single gene disorder involves one DNA base pair alteration, producing HbS. The sickle-shaped cells form when deoxygenated in the capillaries.

A Patient Presenting for Dental Extraction After Completion of Chemotherapy.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) presents several oral manifestations, including gingival hyperplasia, pale mucosa, poor wound healing, petechiae, ecchymoses, candidiasis, recurrent herpes infection, and ulcerations in the oral mucosa. Chemotherapy is the first-line treatment of AML. Common dental complications of chemotherapy include mucositis, infections secondary to profound bone marrow aplasia, and gingival bleeding.

A Patient with a History of Multiple Myeloma Presents for the Evaluation of Oral Lesion and Burning Sensation of the Mouth.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy belonging to a class of disorders known as plasma cell dyscrasias. Common oral manifestations of MM include osteolytic lesions in the mandible and maxilla that can present as painful bony swellings, epulis formation, or sudden teeth movement. MM treatment is coordinated by a multidisciplinary team and is dependent upon the age and physical fitness of the patient, as well as the staging of the disease.

A Female Patient Recently Diagnosed with Sjogren Syndrome Presents to the Dental Office Seeking Upper and Lower Complete Dentures.

Sjogren syndrome (SS) is a common autoimmune disease associated with the immune-mediated destruction of exocrine glands, primarily the salivary and lacrimal glands. As a result, patients have xerophthalmia and xerostomia (Sicca syndrome). The diagnosis of SS can be difficult due to its multifactorial nature and often insidious symptoms, and there is no one test for its diagnosis.

A Diabetic Patient with Acute Osteomyelitis Presenting with Jaw Pain and Submandibular Swelling.

This case scenario shows the value of applying relevant imaging and the selection of appropriate antibiotic via culture and sensitivity before prescribing especially when dealing with a patient with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. When confronted with a diagnosis of acute osteomyelitis, it is always better to refer the patient to a hospital for admission where the management and any other intervention is easily accomplished. Admission to the hospital, culture and sensitivity, and appropriate intravenous antibiotics may have limited the progress of the infection and ultimately may have prevented the sequestration in this patient, limiting the degree of morbidity.

A Patient with Hypothyroidism in Need of Periodontal Connective Tissue Graft Surgery.

Hypothyroidism is a condition characterized by thyroid hormone deficiency and can be caused by a variety of factors. Untreated or chronic hypothyroidism can present in adult patients as myxedema, which is characterized by symptoms including fatigue, generalized slower metabolism, weight gain, depressed mood, dry skin, and brittle hair. Hypothyroidism can have various oral manifestations, particularly in children, in whom it can delay the eruption of the dentition.

Application of Panoramic Radiography in the Detection of Osteopenia and Osteoporosis-Current State of the Art.

Purpose Of Review: Osteoporosis ranks high among morbidities in the elderly as it is a natural process to lose bone, making them susceptible to fractures from minor falls. The cost of managing these patients is staggering. The fractures can be prevented with better care of the elderly, and by treating the major predisposing factor, osteoporosis.

A Patient with Known Allergy to Local Anesthesia Presenting for a Dental Restoration.

Dentists should be equipped to treat an allergic reaction in a dental office, and in this scenario, the potential allergic reaction is noted after administration of a common local anesthetic lidocaine with epinephrine. The allergic reaction quickly escalates to a full-blown anaphylaxis, and the management of such an episode is detailed in this article.

Penicillin Allergy in a Patient Presenting for Scaling and Root Planing.

Dentists should be equipped to treat any allergic reaction in a dental office and in this scenario, anaphylaxis is noted after administration of a penicillin derivative given before a dental procedure. Identification of signs and symptoms related to anaphylaxis is vital and appropriate management of the patient is the key. The dental management of the scenario goes into the diagnosis and management of anaphylaxis in a dental office.

Diabetic Patient in the Chair for Implant Surgery.

Although dental treatment in a patient with well-controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus is uncomplicated, hypoglycemia is one of the most dreaded complications among diabetics and remains as one of the leading causes of endocrine medical emergencies. Identification and prompt treatment is important to all dental practitioners. This scenario goes into the diagnosis and management of medication-induced hypoglycemia.

Foreign Body Aspiration in an Elderly Male with No Significant Medical History.

Accidental foreign body aspiration is not uncommon during a dental procedure and remains a real risk for many dental procedures. Although approximately 50% of patients are asymptomatic after aspiration of a foreign body, understanding the appropriate next steps in management of these patients is critical in preventing morbid and even lethal outcomes in some instances. Appropriate knowledge of identification and management of such instances is important for all practicing dentists.

A Patient with Epilepsy Presenting for a Dental Hygiene Visit.

All dentists should be trained in the diagnosis and management of seizures in a dental chair. Although epilepsy is a common etiological factor, there are other medical situations whereby seizures are manifested. Once a seizure is suspected and other causes of altered consciousness or involuntary motor movements are ruled out, proper management should commence immediately.

A Patient with a History of Myocardial Infarction and a Stent Presenting for Full Mouth Extractions.

The scenario presented is of a patient in the dental chair who had history of myocardial infarction and history of stent placed in the left anterior descending coronary artery who now presents with acute chest pain, chest tightness, and extreme dizziness. Confirming cardiopulmonary arrest and beginning basic life support are the first steps in the management followed by defibrillation, advanced cardiac life support, post-resuscitation care, and long-term management.