Synergic effect of combined xenogeneic mesenchymal stem cells and ceftriaxone on acute septic arthritis.

Background: This study tested the hypothesis that combined ceftriaxone (Cef) and human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HUCDMSCs) was better than either therapy for alleviating acute septic arthritis (ASA).

Methods And Results: Adult-male C57BL/6 mice were categorized into control group (Clt), group A (ASA only), group B [ASA + Cef (5 mg/kg, IM per day, at days 2 to 16 after ASA induction)], group C [ASA + HUCDMSCs (5 × 105 per mice at days 2, 3, 4 after ASA induction)], and group D (ASA + Cef + HUCDMSCs). Animals were euthanized by day 28.

A paper-based aptamer-sandwich assay for detection of HNP 1 as a biomarker for periprosthetic joint infections on an integrated microfluidic platform.

Background: Total joint arthroplasty (TJA) has significantly improved the quality of life for millions suffering from end-stage arthritis. However, periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) remain a serious complication, necessitating extensive interventions and prolonged antimicrobial treatments. The aging population is expected to lead to a rise in TJA cases, subsequently increasing the incidence of PJI, particularly in the elderly who face higher mortality rates.

Advancing the Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Joint Infections: Integrated Microfluidic Platform for Alpha-Defensins-Specific Aptamer Selection and Its Analytical Applications.

Periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) pose a significant challenge in orthopedic surgery, particularly total joint arthroplasty (TJA), due to the potential for implant failure and increased patient morbidity. Early and accurate detection of PJIs is crucial for timely intervention and better patient prognosis. Herein, we successfully screened a high-affinity aptamer targeting alpha-defensin complex human neutrophil protein 1-3 (HNP 1-3; potential PJI biomarkers in synovial fluid [SF]) for the first time using systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) on an integrated microfluidic platform.

Prion Protein Overexpression in Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (ADMSCs) Effectively Protected Rodent Kidney Against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Via Enhancing ATP/Mitochondrial Biogenesis-Role of ADMSC Rejuvenation and Proliferation.

Background: We tested the hypothesis that overexpression of cellular-prion-protein in adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PrPC-ADMSCs) effectively protected the kidney against ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in rat.

Methods: Part I of cell culture was categorized into A1(ADMSCs)/A2(ADMSCs+p-Cresol)/A3(PrPC in ADMSCs)/A4 (PrPC in ADMSCs+p-Cresol). Part II of cell culture was divided into B1(ADMSCs)/B2[ADMSCs+lipopolysaccharide (LPS)]/B3(PrPC in ADMSCs)/B4(PrPC in ADMSCs+LPS).

Predicting the Risk of Total Hip Replacement by Using A Deep Learning Algorithm on Plain Pelvic Radiographs: Diagnostic Study.

Background: Total hip replacement (THR) is considered the gold standard of treatment for refractory degenerative hip disorders. Identifying patients who should receive THR in the short term is important. Some conservative treatments, such as intra-articular injection administered a few months before THR, may result in higher odds of arthroplasty infection.

Early and Dose-Dependent Xenogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy Improved Outcomes in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Rodent Through Ameliorating Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Immune Reaction.

This study tested whether human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HUCDMSCs) treatment effectively protected the rat lung against acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) injury, and benefits of early and dose-dependent treatment. Rat pulmonary epithelial cell line L2 (PECL2) were categorized into G1 (PECL2), G2 (PECL2 + healthy rat lung-derived extraction/50 mg/ml co-cultured for 24 h), G3 (PECL2 + ARDS rat lung-derived extraction/50 mg/ml co-cultured for 24 h), and G4 (condition as G3 + HUCDMSCs/1 × 10/co-cultured for 24 h). The result showed that the protein expressions of inflammatory (HMGB-1/TLR-2/TLR-4/MAL/TRAM/MyD88/TRIF/TRAF6/IkB/NF-κB/IL-1β/TNF-α), oxidative-stress/mitochondrial-damaged (NOX-1/NOX-2/ASK1/p-MKK4/p-MKK7/JNKs/JUN/cytosolic-cytochrome-C/cyclophilin-D/DRP1), and cell-apoptotic/fibrotic (cleaved-caspase 3/cleaved-PARP/TGF-β/p-Smad3) biomarkers were significantly increased in G3 than in G1/G2 and were significantly reversed in G4 (all 0.

Automatic Detection of Two Synovial Fluid Periprosthetic Joint Infection Biomarkers on an Integrated Microfluidic System.

Post-arthroplasty periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a serious ailment that can be difficult to diagnose. Herein, we developed a novel integrated microfluidic system (IMS) capable of detecting two common PJI biomarkers, alpha defensin human neutrophil peptide 1 (HNP-1) and C-reactive protein (CRP), from synovial fluid (SF). A magnetic bead-based one-aptamer-one-antibody assay was carried out automatically within 45 min on a single chip for simultaneous detection of both biomarkers at concentration ranges of 0.

The Feasibility and Performance of Total Hip Replacement Prediction Deep Learning Algorithm with Real World Data.

(1) Background: Hip degenerative disorder is a common geriatric disease is the main causes to lead to total hip replacement (THR). The surgical timing of THR is crucial for post-operative recovery. Deep learning (DL) algorithms can be used to detect anomalies in medical images and predict the need for THR.

An aptamer-based sandwich assay for detection of alpha-defensin human neutrophil protein 1 on a microfluidic platform.

The diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) remains a labor-intensive and challenging issue, with life-threatening complications associated with misdiagnoses. Superior diagnostic approaches are therefore urgently needed, and synovial biomarkers are gaining substantial attention in this capacity. A new aptamer-based sandwich assay was developed where the aptamer probes specific to one such biomarker, alpha-defensin human neutrophil protein 1 (HNP 1), was integrated herein into a new microfluidic platform.

Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing prion improve outcomes via the NLRP3 inflammasome/DAMP signalling after spinal cord injury in rat.

Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a highly destructive disease in human neurological functions. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) have tissue regenerations and anti-inflammations, especially with prion protein overexpression (PrPc ). Therefore, this study tested whether PrPc -ADMSCs therapy offered benefits in improving outcomes via regulating nod-like-receptor-protein-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome/DAMP signalling after acute SCI in rats.

Synergic Effect of Combined Therapy of Hyperbaric Oxygen and Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Improving Locomotor Recovery After Acute Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury in Rat Mainly Through Downregulating Inflammatory and Cell-Stress Signalings.

This study tested whether combined hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) and allogenic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) would be superior to either one for improving the locomotor recovery in rat after acute traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) in rat. Adult-male Sprague-Dawley rats were equally categorized into group 1 (sham-operated control), group 2 (TSCI), group 3 (TSCI + HBO for 1.5 h/day for 14 consecutive days after TSCI), group 4 (TSCI + ADMSCs/1.

Post-operative prophylactic antibiotics in aseptic revision hip and knee arthroplasty: a propensity score matching analysis.

The use of extended antibiotic (EA) prophylaxis (> 24 h) remains controversial in aseptic revision arthroplasty. We sought to determine whether EA prophylaxis reduces the risk of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) in aseptic revision hip and knee arthroplasty. A total of 2800 patients undergoing aseptic revision hip and knee arthroplasty at five institutional databases from 2008 to 2017 were evaluated.

Association of Nitric Oxide Synthase Polymorphism and Coagulopathy in Patients with Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head.

Genetic polymorphism of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) can cause reduction of nitric oxide (NO) levels and may be associated with osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). However, the association of coagulopathy and NOS polymorphism in ONFH patients has not been confirmed. Between November 2005 and October 2013, 155 patients with ONFH were recruited in the study of serum coagulation profiles and NOS polymorphism.

Impaction Bone Grafting Augmented With a Wire Coil by the Lightbulb Technique for Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head.

Background: Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a debilitating disease that primarily affects the hips of young adults. The purpose of this study is to report the mid-term results of impaction bone grafting augmented with a wire coil using the lightbulb technique for ONFH.

Methods: From 1998 to 2016, 50 hips with late precollapsed or early postcollapsed ONFH (28 hips with Association Research Circulation Osseous [ARCO] IIC and 22 with IIIA) were treated by impaction bone grafting augmented with a wire coil using the lightbulb technique.

Zoledronic Acid Ameliorates the Bone Turnover Activity and Periprosthetic Bone Preservation in Cementless Total Hip Arthroplasty.

The administration of zoledronic acid (ZA) to patients who received cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA) has been reported to reduce bone turnover markers (BTMs) and increase bone mineral density (BMD). The effects of two-dose ZA versus placebo on cementless THA patients were analyzed in this five-year extension study. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OC), procollagen 1 intact N-terminal propeptide (P1NP), serum calcium, renal function, radiological findings, and functional outcomes were compared in 49 patients, and the periprosthetic BMD of seven Gruen zones were compared in 19 patients.

The Risk of Bleeding and Adverse Events with Clopidogrel in Elective Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Patients.

Orthopedic surgeons often face a clinical dilemma on how to manage antiplatelet therapies during the time of surgery. This retrospective study is aimed to investigate the bleeding risk and adverse events in patients who hold or keep clopidogrel during elective major joints arthroplasty. Two hundred and ninety-six patients that were treated with clopidogrel while undergoing total hip or knee joint replacement between January 2009 and December 2018 were studied.

Decreased Ankyrin Expression Is Associated with Repressed eNOS Signaling, Cell Proliferation, and Osteogenic Differentiation in Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head.

Background: Reduced nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and decreased reparative potentials in stem cells may be involved in the pathogenesis of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH), but the underlying mechanism is not clear. Ankyrin, a cytoskeletal protein, can promote NOS expression and many cellular functions when it interacts with the CD44 receptors on the stem cells. This study investigated whether ankyrin is involved in the pathogenesis of ONFH.

Outcome and Predictors of Septic Failure Following Total Joint Arthroplasty for Prior Septic Arthritis of Hip and Knee Joint.

Background: Arthroplasty patients with prior septic arthritis are at a high risk of developing periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). The aims of this study are to investigate the outcome and predictors of septic failure following total joint arthroplasty (TJA) for prior septic arthritis. In addition, the optimal timing of TJA is also discussed.

The effects of bone-substitute augmentation on treatment of osteoporotic intertrochanteric fractures.

Background: Osteoporotic intertrochanteric fractures often have postoperative complications despite a perfect reduction and an optimal fixation. We describe a simple technique using bone substitute augmentation and hypothesize that this method would prevent excessive sliding of the lag screw and potential subsequent complications.

Methods: Between January 2009 and July 2017, patients with osteoporotic intertrochanteric fractures who were treated with a dynamic hip screw (DHS) were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study.

The 2021 Association Research Circulation Osseous Classification for Early-Stage Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head to Computed Tomography-Based Study.

Background: The Association Research Circulation Osseous developed a novel classification for early-stage (precollapse) osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). We hypothesized that the novel classification is more reliable and valid when compared to previous 3 classifications: Steinberg, modified Kerboul, and Japanese Investigation Committee classifications.

Methods: In the novel classification, necrotic lesions were classified into 3 types: type 1 is a small lesion, where the lateral necrotic margin is medial to the femoral head apex; type 2 is a medium-sized lesion, with the lateral necrotic margin being between the femoral head apex and the lateral acetabular edge; and type 3 is a large lesion, which extends outside the lateral acetabular edge.

Aptamer selection against alpha-defensin human neutrophil peptide 1 on an integrated microfluidic system for diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infections.

Periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) arising from joint arthroplasty are dreadful, yet difficult to diagnose in subtle cases. Definite diagnosis requires microbiological culture to confirm the causative pathogens. However, up to 40% of culture-negative PJI needs other surrogate biomarkers such as human neutrophil peptide 1 (HNP 1) to improve diagnostic accuracy or gauge therapeutic responses.

Extracorporeal Shock Wave Enhanced Exogenous Mitochondria into Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Further Preserved Heart Function in Rat Dilated Cardiomyopathy.

This study tested whether extracorporeal shock wave (ECSW) supported-exogenous mitochondria (Mito) into adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) would preserve left-ventricular-ejection-fraction (LVEF) in doxorubicin/12 mg/kg-induced dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) rat. Adult-male-SD rats were equally categorized into group 1 (sham-control), group 2 (DCM), group 3 (DCM + ECSW/1.5 mJ/mm for 140 shots/week × 3 times/since day 14 after DCM induction), group 4 (DCM + ECSW/1.

Automatic Hip Detection in Anteroposterior Pelvic Radiographs-A Labelless Practical Framework.

Automated detection of the region of interest (ROI) is a critical step in the two-step classification system in several medical image applications. However, key information such as model parameter selection, image annotation rules, and ROI confidence score are essential but usually not reported. In this study, we proposed a practical framework of ROI detection by analyzing hip joints seen on 7399 anteroposterior pelvic radiographs (PXR) from three diverse sources.

Overexpression of miR-19a and miR-20a in iPS-MSCs preserves renal function of chronic kidney disease with acute ischaemia-reperfusion injury in rat.

This study tested the hypothesis that therapy with double overexpression of miR-19a-3p and miR-20a-5p (miR ) to human inducible pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells (iPS-MSCs) was superior to iPS-MSCs alone for preserving renal function in rat with pre-existing chronic kidney disease (CKD), followed by ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. In vitro study demonstrated that the protein expressions of oxidative stress (NOX-1/NOX-2/NOX4/oxidized protein/p22phox), inflammatory downstream signalling (TLR2&4/MyD88/TRAF6/IKK-ß/p-NFκB/IL-1ß/IL-6/MMP-9) and cell apoptosis/death signalling (cleaved caspase-3/mitochondrial Bax/p-ERKs/p-JNK/p-p38) at time-points of 24-hour/48-hour cell cultures were significantly increased in p-Cresol-treated NRK-52E cells than in the control that was significantly reversed by miR-19a-3p-transfected iPS-MSC (all P < .001).