[Role of glomus shunts of the anorectal cavernous bodies in the mechanism of hemorrhoid development].

Histological examination of the hemorrhoids in 67 preparations of the rectum of adult persons showed the significance, in their development, of glomus and glomus blocking arteriovenous anorectal cavernous bodies, the two-three-fold increase of their volume was established. The dilatation of the glomus body lumen (from 20-30 to 270-480 microns) in the cavernous body wall is due to the epithelioid cell atrophy and sclerosis. When persistent dilatation and shortening of the distance between glomus mouths occurs, arterial blood passes from the peripheral branches of the superior rectal artery directly to the vena lumen, resulting, first, in the development of a simple compensatory and then varicose angioma-like flebectasia.

[Morpho-functional changes in the muscles of the limbs and their microcirculatory bed in acute ischemia].

On 26 mature dogs in a chronic experiment the character of compensatory-adaptive changes in muscles and their blood capillaries have been studied in dynamics of an acute ischemia of the extremity and at some stages of recirculation. After strangulation for two hours, thanks to joining in the compensatory-adaptive mechanisms, certain morphofunctional changes in the extremity tissues are revealed. As the duration of hypoxia increases (6-9 h), the destructive changes in the tissues become more severe.

[Innervation opf the juxtaglomerular complex (JGC) of the kidney in vertebrates].

On the base of electron microscopic investigations of kidneys, performed on some representatives of vertebrata (fishes, amphibia, reptiles, birds, mammalia) the data on their JGC innervation are presented. In the course of evolution the structure of nervous-muscular, nervous-endocrine and nervous-epithelial contacts becomes more complex. The role of the nervous factor in regulation of the systemic blood flow and water-salt metabolism acquires a greater significance in the process of development.

[Compensatory-adaptative processes of the kidney after undergoing hydronephrotic transformation].

In experiments on 30 white mongrel adult rats of both sexes pathologic and reparative alterations in the kidney by the 30th day after recanalization of the ureter occluded for 1, 3, 7, 10, 15, 30 days have been studied using microdissection, light optic and electron microscopic methods. The fact has been established that in early times of HT (1 to 3 days) with the following reduction of urinary passage through the ureter (30 days), the canalicular-vascular formations of the kidney acquire normal morphological structure. In cases of more prolonged occlusion of the ureter (15 to 30 days) in the kidney noticeable destructive alterations prevail with replacement of parenchymatous elements by connective tissue.

[Morphologic changes in limb muscles under conditions of acute experimental ischemia and recirculation].

Acute ischemia was induced in the limbs of 48 dogs by wounding femoral vessels followed by hemostasis through ligation of the vessels or application of a tourniquet for 2, 4, 6 and 9 hours with subsequent blood flow restoration in the great vessels. Morphological changes were examined in the muscular tissues using light optic and ultrastructural techniques. The results showed that the vascular ligation caused reactive reversible nonspecific changes in the limb tissues, the magnitude of the changes was found to be associated with hypoxia duration.

[Anatomy in public health practice].

In the article attention is paid to the necessity to draw nearer morphological investigations to the problems of practical medicine. These investigations are especially important during the period of the health protection reorganization. Short annotations of some scientific-practical works are presented.

[The circulatory bed of the human uterine tube].

By means of combined morphological methods blood vessels have been studied in 54 uterine tubes of child-birth women. The main pathways for carrying and distribution of blood to corresponding parts of the tube are sector arteries. They are situated in the subserous tela along the anterior and posterior semicircles of the organ.

[Effect of helium-neon laser radiation on restoration of the structure of the microcirculatory bed and neurocytes of the small intestine following experimental ischemia].

Influence of helium-neon laser lg-75 rays on the microcirculatory bed and neurocytes of the small intestine after its experimental ischemia has been studied. When a normal small intestine is radiated, dilatation of the luminal diameter is observed in all links of the microcirculatory bed (MCB) and also hypertrophy of neurocytes, when phenomena of distrophic processes are absent. In 30 days after 3-hours' ischemia of the intestinal loop and its successive radiation, spasm of arterial and dilatation of the venous link of MCB is registered; they normalize by the 45th day.

[Reorganization of the vascular and nerve elements of the small intestine following resection of a strangulated loop].

Adaptational and compensatory changes in neurovascular structures of the small gut's myenteric plexus following resection of a strangulated loop of the gut were studied in 21 cats. It was found, in particular, that whereas hyperplastic processes predominated in the wall of the remaining small gut at 1 month postresection, reparative processes had largely ceased and the neural structures under study had undergone partial atrophy at 3-6 months.

[Morphometric characteristics of neuromuscular spindles in hypertrophied skeletal muscle].

Skeletal muscle hypertrophy in young male rats was found to be accompanied by adaptive changes in neuromuscular spindles. The changes consisted in connective capsule thickening, increased diameter of NMS and intrafusal muscle fibers, expanded afferent and efferent nerve terminals, increased microcirculatory bed capacity. The quantitative and qualitative shifts observed in NMS structure are morphologically equivalent to the rise in their functional potential, which forms the basis for the functional changes in conditions of increasing skeletal muscle hypertrophy.

[Spermatogenesis in varicoceles after correction of the blood supply to the testis].

By means of light microscopy methods in experiments performed in 60 white rats with modelled venous congestion in the left testis and in 113 men suffering from varicocele of the 2d-3d degree complicated with certain disorders of fertility, the effect of blood correction has been studied in the gonads by switching off the caudal (inferior) epigastric vein. The experimental correction of the blood stream in the testes, according to the data of quantitative estimations, contributes to spermatogenesis. Corresponding positive results, while studying spermograms, are obtained in patients suffering from varicocele complicated with infertility.

[Morphological evaluation of the state of the structural elements of arterial and arteriolar walls in experimental kidney ischemia].

Resetting of arterial and arteriolar wall structural components have been studied in the white rat kidney glomeruli after experimental ischemia (30 min, 1-3 h) without blood flow recovery and with the following recirculation for 3-30 days. The experiments have established that acute renal ischemia caused by the vascular leg ligation for 30-60 min without the following blood flow recovery results in slight microstructural alterations of arterial and arteriolar wall elements. With increased ischemia duration (2-3 h) pathological changes become more prominent and separation of vascular endothelial cells and defibering of the internal elastic membrane take place.

[Effect of experimental acute ischemia on capillary-neuro-muscular relations].

Ultrastructural changes in myofibrils, their supplying hemocapillaries, and motor nerve endings were studied in 24 dogs with the experimental acute circulatory ischemia induced by injury to the major arteries of the limbs or tourniquet application for 2, 4, 6, and 9 hours, as well as during the blood stream restoration. Structural rearrangements of myofibrils, capillaries, and axomuscular synapses were found to be simultaneous and depend on the severity of ischemia. Six-hour disruption of the blood flow causes breaking of intracellular homeostatic mechanisms in the soft tissues of the extremities, while a 9-hour ischemia causes irreversible changes in the muscle tissues.

[Characteristics of the restructuring of the microcirculatory bed of the cervical mucosa in cancer].

Complex colposcopic and macro-microscopic examination of the microcirculatory bed ( MCB ) of the normal uterine cervix and at various stages of the neoplastic process is performed. It is established that MCB undergoes restructuration in the presence of focal epithelial alterations and takes place in the formation of the colposcopic picture. The general view of MCB different parts, their distribution, pleomorphism, peculiarities of their combinations may serve as certain tests in the provisional diagnosis of epithelial displasia, preinvasive and invasive carcinoma.

[Reactive properties of the glomerular mesangial cells during extreme loading of the kidney].

The authors consider the ultrastructure of mesangial cells of the renal glomerular corpuscle in health and simulation in 3 series of experiments on white rats of acute circulatory ischemia, vasorenal hypertension and vicarious hypertrophy of the kidneys. Special attention is paid to the processes of these cells which are represented by three types. In high hemodynamic load of the kidney unusual mesangiocapillary prolapses (type 3 processes) experience marked hypertrophy.