A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study on the Safety and Efficacy of Probiotics for Insulin Resistance and Oxidative Stress Markers in Diabetic Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease on Hemodialysis.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive loss of kidney function that can lead to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), requiring renal replacement therapy. Patients on chronic hemodialysis are at a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to investigate the effect of 12-week probiotic supplementation on insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and lipid profiles in diabetic patients with ESRD undergoing hemodialysis.

A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study to evaluate the effect of alpha-lipoic acid on inhibition of ADP-and collagen-induced platelet aggregation ex vivo in diabetic neuropathy patients on gabapentin or pregabalin.

Background: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a chronic microvascular complication in diabetic mellitus patients due to chronic hyperglycemia, resulting in platelet hyperactivity and dyslipidemia. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a potent antioxidant which has antiplatelet activity and lipid-modulating characteristics and plays a major role in the prevention of disease progression.

Aim: To evaluate the effect of ALA on inhibition of platelet aggregation and lipid profile.

A Study to Evaluate the Effect of Alpha-Lipoic Acid on Neuropathic Symptoms in Diabetic Neuropathy Patients on Gabapentin or Pregabalin.

Introduction Chronic hyperglycemia is a key factor in the development of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), contributing significantly to the progression of this condition through the induction of oxidative stress. Elevated blood glucose levels lead to increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which cause damage to neuronal cells and exacerbate neuropathic symptoms. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a potent antioxidant that neutralizes ROS and reduces oxidative damage.

Managing Ocular Surface Disease in Glaucoma Treatment: A Systematic Review.

Ocular surface disease (OSD) is a frequent disabling challenge among patients with glaucoma who use benzalkonium chloride (BAK)-containing topical glaucoma medications for prolonged periods. In this comprehensive review, we evaluated the prevalence of OSD and its management, focusing on both current and future alternatives. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria were used to assess a) the impact of active ingredients and preservatives on the ocular surface and b) the efficacy of preservative-free (PF) alternatives and adjunctive therapies.

Quantification of vascular morphology in optical coherence tomography angiography in primary open angle glaucoma.

Purpose: To quantitatively measure and compare the vascular morphology in healthy eyes and eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) scans.

Methods: This is a retrospective and cross-sectional study which include healthy individuals and individuals with POAG that underwent OCTA imaging at an academic center's glaucoma clinic. We analyzed OCTA scans of the macula and optic nerve head (ONH) of one eye from each subject to quantitatively measure vessel density (VD), vessel length density (VLD), and branchpoint density (BPD).

Sleep apnea and autonomic dysfunction in patients with dementia.

Sleep apnea is common sleep disorder that is associated with an is an increase in risk of many health conditions, including systemic hypertension, stroke, atrial fibrillation, and heart failure. The predominant underlying pathophysiological mechanism for elevated risk of these conditions in patients with sleep apnea is thought to involve autonomic dysfunction in the form of sympathetic overactivity. Autonomic dysfunction is also associated with several neurodegenerative disorders and sleep apnea, in turn, has been shown to be associated with an increased risk of development of mild cognitive impairment and various types of dementia.

Trends and Characteristics of Industry Payments for Ophthalmology Research From 2014 to 2020.

Importance: Characterizing industry-ophthalmology collaborations in research can highlight current areas of focus, improve transparency, and identify potential sources for conflicts of interest.

Objective: To assess the trends and characteristics in research payments reported from industry to ophthalmologists from 2014 to 2020.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study used data from the Centers of Medicare & Medicaid Services' Open Payments database (OPD), which contains public records of payments between industry and physicians, to identify all ophthalmologists who received industry payments for research purposes between 2014 and 2020.

Transporter-mediated drug-drug interactions: advancement in models, analytical tools, and regulatory perspective.

Drug-drug interactions mediated by transporters are a serious clinical concern hence a tremendous amount of work has been done on the characterization of the transporter-mediated proteins in humans and animals. The underlying mechanism for the transporter-mediated drug-drug interaction is the induction or inhibition of the transporter which is involved in the cellular uptake and efflux of drugs. Transporter of the brain, liver, kidney, and intestine are major determinants that alter the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion profile of drugs, and considerably influence the pharmacokinetic profile of drugs.

Intraneuronal N-acetylaspartate supplies acetyl groups for myelin lipid synthesis: evidence for myelin-associated aspartoacylase.

Despite its growing use as a radiological indicator of neuronal viability, the biological function of N-acetylaspartate (NAA) has remained elusive. This is due in part to its unusual metabolic compartmentalization wherein the synthetic enzyme occurs in neuronal mitochondria whereas the principal metabolizing enzyme, N-acetyl-L-aspartate amidohydrolase (aspartoacylase), is located primarily in white matter elements. This study demonstrates that within white matter, aspartoacylase is an integral component of the myelin sheath where it is ideally situated to produce acetyl groups for synthesis of myelin lipids.

Rapid Detection of Psychrotrophic Bacteria In Manufacturing Grade Raw Milks.

Methods to rapidly assess the bacteriological quality of raw milk were investigated. Whereas direct microscopic count, modified psychrotrophic plate count, and direct epifluorescent filter technique (DEFT) did not correlate well with initial psychrotrophic bacterial count of raw milk, improvements were obtained after preincubation of the milk samples. The best preincubation conditions were identified as 30°C for 6 h, 21°C for 10 h, 13°C for 15 h, 13°C for 20 h, or 7°C for 37 h.

Temperature-dependent malignant invasion in vitro by frog renal carcinoma-derived PNKT-4B cells.

The northern leopard frog, Rana pipiens, may be afflicted with a herpesvirus-transmitted renal carcinoma which has the interesting property that its metastatic behavior is temperature-related. PNKT-4B is a cell line derived from a pronephric carcinoma arising in a tadpole. We sought to ascertain if invasion of normal tissue by PNKT-4B cells in three-dimensional confrontation culture in vitro is similarly temperature-dependent.

Invasion in vitro by explants of Lucke renal carcinoma cocultured with normal tissue is temperature dependent.

Fragments of renal carcinoma of the northern leopard frog, Rana pipiens, were cocultured in vitro with small pieces of tadpole heart, frog heart and frog kidney with gyrotory shaking for up to 14 days at 21 degrees C and 28 degrees C. No invasion by renal carcinoma occurred in confrontation cultures at 21 degrees. However, the three normal tissues were invaded by renal carcinoma in confrontation cultures incubated at 28 degrees C.